我国环境污染犯罪被害人权利救济问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-14 23:05

本文选题：环境污染犯罪 + 被害人　；参考：《浙江农林大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着环境污染犯罪问题的出现,环境污染犯罪被害人法律救济的相关问题越来越受到理论界、实务界尤其是法学界的关注，环境污染犯罪具有社会影响广泛性，污染后果长期性，对人体伤害隐蔽性等特性，这就要求在环境污染犯罪中，国家司法机关仅仅凭借国家强制力以刑事手段处罚环境污染犯罪人，并不能平复环境污染犯罪被害人所受的人身损害、财产损失或精神伤害。在司法实践中，在全面深化改革的历史背景下，对于环境污染犯罪被害人更主要的是从经济上给予足够的物质帮助，恢复被害前的生产、生活水平及身体健康状态，并且运用充分的法律权利予以救济，保障其应有的合法权利。本文主要研究如何构建环境污染犯罪被害人法律救济制度，从而达到惩罚犯罪、保护我国公民环境合法权益的需要，促进我国整个环境法律制度的发展。在我国环境污染犯罪被害人法律救济制度中，首先，要增强环境法律意识，转变相关环境立法观念，环境立法由“人类中心主义”向“生态中心主义”转变。其次，在实体的权利上，在宪法中创设环境权，加大刑罚的保护力度，打击地方保护主义，弱化环境行政从属性。再次，要积极保障环境污染犯罪被害人的相关诉讼权利，依法保障其起诉权的正确行使，并且赋予其适当的刑罚裁量建议权，实现惩罚犯罪与保障人权的双重目的，同时对于追诉权、上诉权等都有必要分析并加以保护。最后，积极建立健全环境污染犯罪被害人权利救济的相关法律制度，提出建立我国环境污染犯罪被害人国家补偿制度的设想，在程序权利的设计上，完善我国的环境污染犯罪被害人的法律援助制度，加之环境污染犯罪赔偿公益基金和环境污染责任保险制度，，从完善法律救济制度上来进一步构建我国的环境污染犯罪被害人的法律救济制度。
[Abstract]:With the emergence of the problem of environmental pollution crime, the problems related to the legal relief of the victims of environmental pollution crime are paid more and more attention by the theoretical circle, the practical circle, especially the legal circle, and the environmental pollution crime has extensive social impact. The long-term nature of pollution consequences and the concealment of harm to human bodies require that in the crime of environmental pollution, the state judicial organs only rely on the state's coercive power to punish the environmental pollution offenders by criminal means. It can not recuperate the personal injury, property loss or mental injury suffered by the victim of the crime of environmental pollution. In judicial practice, under the historical background of comprehensively deepening the reform, the more important thing for the victims of environmental pollution crime is to provide sufficient material assistance economically to restore the production, living standard and health state of the victims before being killed. And the use of full legal rights to remedy, to protect its due legal rights. This paper mainly studies how to construct the legal relief system for the victims of environmental pollution crime, so as to punish the crime, protect the legitimate rights and interests of our citizens' environment, and promote the development of the whole environmental legal system of our country. In the legal relief system for victims of environmental pollution crime in China, firstly, we should strengthen the awareness of environmental law, change the concept of relevant environmental legislation, and change the environmental legislation from "anthropocentrism" to "ecocentrism". Secondly, in the aspect of substantive rights, we should create environmental rights in the constitution, strengthen the protection of punishment, crack down on local protectionism and weaken the attribute of environmental administration. Thirdly, we should actively protect the relevant litigation rights of the victims of environmental pollution crime, ensure the correct exercise of their right to sue according to law, and give them the right to propose appropriate penalties, so as to achieve the dual purpose of punishing the crime and protecting human rights. At the same time, it is necessary to analyze and protect the right of prosecution and appeal. Finally, we should actively establish and improve the relevant legal system of the right relief for the victims of environmental pollution crime, put forward the idea of establishing the national compensation system for the victims of environmental pollution crime in our country, and design the procedural rights. To improve the legal aid system for victims of environmental pollution crimes, coupled with the public welfare fund for environmental pollution crime compensation and the environmental pollution liability insurance system, In order to perfect the legal relief system, the author further constructs the legal relief system for the victims of environmental pollution crime.
【学位授予单位】：浙江农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.2

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