农村宅基地使用权流转制度的改革与完善

发布时间：2018-01-05 03:08

本文关键词：农村宅基地使用权流转制度的改革与完善　出处：《广西师范大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：三农问题是中国当前的核心问题,三农问题的核心是农民问题,而农民问题的实质是农民的权利能否得到确实的保障。农村宅基地是农村土地的重要组成部分,是农民的一项最基本的财产权利。长期以来,我国对农村宅基地实行无偿分配制度,农村宅基地使用权受到严格的限制。农村宅基地使用权制度是计划经济时代形成的一个固有制度,具有浓厚的本土特色,是指权利人因建造住宅及附属设施而对集体所有土地占有、使用的权利。现行宅基地使用权制度具有无偿分配、无偿使用、一户一宅、限制流转等基本特点。农村宅基地是我国亿万农民的安身立命之所,具有十分重要的意义。我国法律规定,农村宅基地所有权归集体所有,农民只享有使用权,而宅基地使用权能否自由流转是当今理论界争议的热点问题。现行立法基于农村的社会保障、农村的社会安定、农村集体经济组织的管理体制等因素,采纳了限制宅基地流转的基本观点。目前,我国关于农村宅基地使用权流转问题的法律规定与现实情况存在冲突。在理论上,我国民法既承认了村民对其住宅享有所有权,同时又要求住宅流转必须与宅基地捆绑进行,这导致了宅基地流转的立法限制与合同法、继承法等法律部门相互抵触、严重冲突。现实中,由于农民进城打工,出现了大量的“空心村”,在城市郊区或者称中村,宅基地地下交易十分盛行,隐形市场逐渐壮大,交易的安全隐患逐渐增多。随着我国社会主义市场经济体制的建立和发展,城市化和工业化的进程不断向前推进,我国的市场体系也在不断发展和完善。土地作为市场中的一种特殊资产,其进入市场流通,受市场机制调节也成为一种必然。2007年出台的《物权法》规定农村宅基地使用权为用益物权,为农村宅基地使用权的流转奠定了法律基础。城乡二元体制改革,农村社会保障体制的完善为农村宅基地使用权流转提供了政治基础。本文首先分析了我国农村宅基地使用权的概况,在此基础上对我国宅基地使用权流转的现状进行考察,对农村宅基地使用权流转的弊端进行了分析,并深入探讨了宅基地使用权流转制度的改革基础和对现有改革模式进行了归纳总结,最后提出了完善我国农村宅基地使用权流转制度的建议。本文了引言和结语外,共分成4个部分,主要内容如下：第一部分主要是分析农村宅基地使用权的概况。对我国农村宅基地法律的概念、法律特征和流转方式进行了阐述,分析了我国字建国以来农村宅基地制度历史演变过程和学术界关于农村宅基地使用权流转的不同观点。第二部分对农村宅基地使用权流转制度的现状进行分析。探讨了农村宅基地使用权的立法现状,考察了宅基地使用权流转现状并对其原因进行分析；对农村宅基地使用权流转制度的弊端进行深入分析,阐释了宅基地流转的必要性、宅基地管制与司法现状的冲突。第三部分对农村宅基地使用权流转改革基础和几种模式进行了归纳和探讨。从经济、法律、社会等角度分析了农村宅基地使用权改革的有利条件,重点对宅基地置换、农村宅基地上市交易等流转模式进行了分析。第四部分就如何完善农村宅基地使用权流转制度提出建议。首先,是要明确宅基地使用权流转的基本原则。其次,对农村宅基地使用权流转的制度本身进行完善：第一是建立农村宅基地使用权自由流转的制度,完善立法、明晰产权、加强管理；第二是明确农村宅基地使用权用益物权性质；第三是分离农村宅基地使用权和地上房屋所有权；第四是建立农村宅基地有偿使用与有期限性制度。最后是完善农村宅基地使用权流转的配套制度,主要是农村社会保障、农村宅基地使用权交易市场、城乡二元户籍制度、农村土地征收补偿制度的完善。
[Abstract]:Agriculture is the core problem of the current Chinese, the farmer issue is the core problem of farmers, and the essential problem is whether the rights of peasants can be really protected. The rural homestead is an important part of rural land, is one of the most fundamental property rights of peasants. A long time, China's Rural Homestead the implementation of free distribution system, the countryside homestead right of use is restricted.
The countryside homestead right of use system is a natural system formed in the planned economy, has a strong local characteristics, refers to the rights for residential construction and ancillary facilities of the collective land possession, use of rights. The homestead right of use system with free distribution, free use, a house, basic characteristics limited circulation. The rural homestead is hundreds of millions of farmers in China to settle down, it has very important significance. The laws and regulations of our country, the rural homestead ownership of collective ownership, farmers have the right to use, and land use rights can free transfer is a hot issue in the theoretical circles. The current legislation of rural areas based on social security, rural social security, rural collective economic organization management system and other factors, adopt the basic viewpoint of limited land circulation.
At present, there is a conflict in China on the circulation of rural residential land use right law and the reality of the situation. In theory, the civil law admitted that the villagers in the ownership of the house, while demanding housing transfer must bind with the residential land, which leads to the legislative restrictions and contract law, land transfer, inheritance law conflict, serious conflict. In reality, because farmers working in cities, the emergence of a large number of "hollow village", on the outskirts of the city or in the village, the underground trading homestead is very popular, the invisible market expands gradually, transaction security risks gradually increased. With the establishment and development of China's socialist market economic system the city, industrialization is advancing, the market system of China has been developed and improved. The land as a special asset in the market, the market circulation, Under the adjustment of the market mechanism has become an inevitable.2007 introduction of the "property law provisions on the rural residential land use right is usufructuary right, laid the legal foundation for rural land use right transfer. Two urban and rural economic system reform, improve the rural social security system for rural land use right transfer provides the political basis. This paper first analyzes the general situation of the rural homestead usufruct in China, on the basis of the current situation of our homestead is discussed, the disadvantages of the circulation of rural land use right is analyzed, and in-depth study of the reform of basic homestead use right transfer system and the existing mode of reform are summarized summarize, finally put forward the perfect circulation system of right to use rural homestead advice.
In this paper, the introduction and conclusion are divided into 4 parts, the main contents are as follows:
The first part is the general analysis of rural residential land use right. The concept of law of our country rural homestead, legal characteristics and circulation are described, analyzed the characters of our country since the rural homestead system historical evolution and the academic circles on the rural homestead use right transfer to different views.
The second part analyses the current situation of the circulation system of the countryside homestead right of use. The current legislation of rural land use rights, examines the status of land use right transfer and the reasons are analyzed; the in-depth analysis of the shortcomings of the circulation system of rural land use right, explains the necessity of land circulation. The status quo of the conflict between regulation and judicial homestead.
The third part summarized and Discussion on the basic reform of the transference and modes of rural residential land use right. From the economic, legal, social and other aspects of analysis of the favorable conditions for reform of rural land use right, focusing on the homestead replacement, analyzes the rural homestead listed transactions transfer mode.
The fourth part is how to perfect the rural land use right transfer system recommendations. First of all, is the basic principle to clear land use rights transfer. Secondly, to improve the circulation of rural land use right system itself: the first is the establishment of rural homestead use rights transfer system, improve legislation, clear property rights, strengthen the management; second is the usufruct of rural homestead right to use property clear; third is the separation of rural residential land use right and the ownership of the land; the fourth is the establishment of rural homestead compensation for the use and validity system. Finally, the related system is to improve the rural homestead use right circulation, mainly rural social security, market power rural residential land use, two urban and rural household registration system, rural land expropriation compensation system.

【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.3

【引证文献】