农村土地承包经营权流转法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-09-19 21:20

【摘要】：改革开放三十多年来,农村经济迎来了繁荣发展时期,传统农业向现代农业转型发展,第二、第三产业对农村剩余劳动力更具吸引力,农村剩余劳动力向城市迁移,土地承包经营权流转出现了加速和呈现了适度规模经营的趋势。农业稳定,则天下安定。“三农”问题关系到中国全面建设小康社会目标能否实现,其中土地承包经营权流转是学术界研究农村土地问题同时也是研究“三农”问题的一个热点。土地承包经营权流转改革成为农村土地制度改革的主旋律之一。十七届三中全会《中共中央关于推进农村改革发展若干重大问题的决定》清晰地指出：“要加强土地承包经营权流转管理和服务,建立健全土地承包经营权流转市场,按照依法自愿有偿原则,允许农民以转包、出租、互换、转让、股份合作等形式流转土地承包经营权,发展多种形式的适度规模经营。有条件的地方可以发展专业大户、家庭农场、农民专业合作社等规模经营主体。土地承包经营权流转,不得改变土地集体所有性质,不得改变土地用途,不得损害农民土地承包权益。”“抓紧完善相关法律法规和配套政策,规范推进农村土地管理制度改革。”接着在2010年,中共中央一号文件《中共中央、国务院关于加大统筹城乡发展力度,进一步夯实农业农村发展基础的若干意见》又提出稳定和完善农村基本经营制度,健全农村土地承包领域立法,保证农村土地承包关系稳定,重视土地承包管理工作。加强土地承包经营权流转管理,提升土地承包经营权流转服务,改善土地承包经营权流转市场,在依法、自愿、有偿流转的原则基础上推动经营模式实现多元化。严格执行和落实土地承包经营纠纷解决的相关法律规定,使农村土地承包经营纠纷解决体制健全。在权属性质明确、管理非常规范、承包责任到户的基础上,改革基本经营制度,推行开展农村集体产权制度改革试点。新《物权法》以《农村土地承包法》为依托,来规范农村土地承包经营权流转,这尤显得对农村土地承包经营权流转方面的研究更为迫切。有关农村土地承包经营权流转的有关问题,引起了法学界许多学者的关注。值得注意的是学者们在关于土地承包经营权流转的研究上存在内涵不清的问题,除此之外体系不够完整、论述不够详细、流转方式研究过于封闭等问题也不容忽视。本文首先介绍了本课题的研究对象,对农村土地承包经营权流转法律制度作了概述,介绍了土地承包经营权流转的概念、特征、历史沿革、其现实意义以及立法现状。围绕学术界有关的观点进行综述,对土地承包经营权流转的内涵、性质和意义进行了探讨分析,并对我国土地承包经营权流转法律制度的历史进行回顾以及做出一些思考,还对我国现有土地承包经营权流转的立法现状做了介绍。第二部分主要是通过了解我国土地承包经营权流转制度中存在的问题,在肯定我国土地承包经营权流转法律制度所取得的重大进步的同时,思考其中尚存在的一些不足,例如,法律体系的不完善；流转内容科学性的欠缺；流转程序上的问题等等,并对存在的这些问题进行了分析。第三部分是本文写作的重点,主要是对我国土地承包经营权流转制度的完善提出建议和构想。例如,完善立法,加强法律的可操作性；拓宽土地承包经营权主体的范围；科学界定土地承包经营权流转的内涵；规范土地流转的过程等等。通过前几部分对我国土地承包经营权流转制度发展的回顾以及存在问题的分析,结合我国当前的国情,对现有的土地承包经营权流转制度进行一些完善,促进我国农村土地承包经营权更加健康地流转,为进一步增加农民收入,提高农民生活水平,活跃农村经济提供制度上的建议。
[Abstract]:Over the past 30 years of reform and opening up, the rural economy has ushered in a period of prosperity and development. Traditional agriculture has transformed into modern agriculture. Secondly, the tertiary industry is more attractive to the rural surplus labor force. The rural surplus labor force has migrated to the cities. The transfer of land contractual management rights has accelerated and shown a trend of moderate scale operation. The issue of "agriculture, countryside and farmers" is related to the realization of the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way in China. The transfer of land contractual management right is a hot topic in the academic circle to study the rural land issue as well as the issue of "agriculture, countryside and farmers". The Third Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the CPC clearly pointed out in the Decision of the CPC Central Committee on Several Major Issues Concerning the Promotion of Rural Reform and Development: "It is necessary to strengthen the management and service of the transfer of the right to contractual management of land, establish and improve the market for the transfer of the right to contractual management of land, and allow farmers to subcontract, lease, exchange, transfer and share cooperation according to the principle of voluntary compensation according to The transfer of the right to contractual management of land in various forms and the development of moderate scale management in various forms can be carried out in localities where conditions permit the development of large specialized households, family farms, farmers'professional cooperatives and other large-scale management entities. The transfer of the right to contractual management of land shall not change the nature of collective ownership of land, change the use of land, or damage the contractual rights and interests of farmers in land. "Pay close attention to improving relevant laws and regulations and supporting policies, standardize and promote the reform of rural land management system." Then in 2010, the No.1 document of the CPC Central Committee < the CPC Central Committee, the State Council on increasing the overall planning of urban and rural development, and further consolidate the basis of agricultural and rural development in a number of opinions > and put forward to stabilize and improve the basic rural management. We should improve the legislation in the field of rural land contracting, ensure the stability of rural land contracting relations and attach importance to land contracting management.
Strengthen the transfer management of land contractual management rights, enhance the transfer service of land contractual management rights, improve the transfer market of land contractual management rights, promote the diversification of management modes on the basis of the principle of legal, voluntary and paid transfer. Strictly implement and implement the relevant legal provisions for the settlement of disputes over land contractual management, so as to make rural land contractual economy. On the basis of the clear nature of property rights, very standardized management and contractual responsibility to the household, the basic management system should be reformed and the rural collective property rights system should be carried out as a pilot project. The research on the transfer of contractual management right of rural land is more urgent. The problems related to the transfer of contractual management right of rural land have attracted the attention of many scholars in the field of law. The study of transfer mode is too closed.
Firstly, this paper introduces the research object of this subject, summarizes the legal system of the transfer of rural land contractual management right, introduces the concept, characteristics, historical evolution, practical significance and legislative status of the transfer of land contractual management right. The significance is discussed and analyzed, and the history of the legal system of land contractual management right transfer in China is reviewed and some reflections are made. The present legislative situation of land contractual management right transfer in China is also introduced.
The second part is mainly through understanding the problems existing in the circulation system of land contractual management right in China. While affirming the great progress made in the legal system of land contractual management right in China, it also considers some shortcomings, such as the imperfection of the legal system, the lack of scientific circulation content, and the circulation procedure. The problems and so on are analyzed.
The third part is the focus of this paper, mainly put forward suggestions and ideas to improve the system of land contractual management right transfer in China. For example, improve legislation, strengthen the operability of the law; broaden the scope of the subject of land contractual management right; scientifically define the connotation of land contractual management right transfer; standardize the process of land transfer and so on. Through reviewing the development of the transfer system of land contractual management right in our country and analyzing the existing problems, and combining with the current situation of our country, this paper makes some improvements on the existing transfer system of land contractual management right, promotes the healthy transfer of rural land contractual management right in our country, and further increases the income of farmers and raises farmers'income. Living standards and providing active institutional proposals for rural economy.
【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D922.32;D923.2

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