商业言论的表达自由和限制

发布时间：2018-02-03 23:23

本文关键词： 商业言论表达自由商业广告限制　出处：《浙江工商大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：对于言论自由的保护是一个国家民主进步的表现之一。随着市场经济的发展,商业言论表达自由正在逐步凸显其自身所蕴含的价值,从而变得越来越重要。但是商业言论的宪法地位直到今日仍然十分模糊,这是我们不得不面对的难题。世界各国对于如何保护商业言论,并没有达成一致的看法。在特定的案件中,官享有很高的自由裁量权。在逐步发展和成熟的市场经济条件下,商品的信息,企业的背景,经营者的状况等商业信息必将成为公民参与市场活动,作出正确的决策所不可或缺的重要因素。同样的,商业言论在维护一个民主的社会和司法系统的建设方面也起着显著的作用。但是,盈利性的商业言论一直以来受到了比一般言论更多的限制。商业言论在没有违反法律和道德的情况下,由于其对经济的巨大促进作用,我们应当鼓励商业言论的自由表达。但是,目前的实际情况是,对于商业言论的限制力度越来越大,究其原因在于商业言论虚假内容增加。我们应当承认,不合法的商业言论的确对市场秩序造成了严重的打击,但是我们不能因噎废食。我们仍然应该采取理性的态度对待商业言论的限制这个课题。笔者尝试着以商业言论的宪法地位为研究着力点,通过对国内外不同时期有关商业言论的理论和司法判例,来尝试着理清商业言论的发展轨迹以及宪法地位。在研究方法方面,笔者以比较研究法,对国内外有关商业言论的学说,具体的制度进行研究。本文主要分为四个部分：第一部分探究了商业言论基本属性,探讨商业言论的简单定义,在定义的基础上,讨论了商业言论的特征及功能。基于商业言论的特征,提出了区分一般性言论与商业言论的界限。随后,以美国的商业言论发展为基础,介绍了美国的商业言论理论和实践的发展。并介绍了德国法上的商业言论。第二部分主要介绍以下三种主流观点：即商业言论宪法保护说、商业言论不属于宪法保护说以及商业言论有限保护说。通过该部分理论知识的介绍,提出商业言论的宪法地位至今难以理清的问题。本文通过文献与个案对比分析及对比发现各国对商业性言论的态度有所不同。第三部分首先通过对我国商业性言论现状的介绍,承接前章论点的探讨中国规制商业言论的必要性。第四部分试图在前章的研究成果基础上,试探性的讨论我国商业言论限制的方式方法,在分忻基础上提出商业言论限制的模式建构。
[Abstract]:The protection of freedom of speech is one of the manifestations of democratic progress in a country. With the development of market economy, the freedom of expression of commercial speech is gradually highlighting its own value. So it becomes more and more important. But the constitutional status of business speech is still very vague to this day, which is a difficult problem we have to face. The countries of the world on how to protect business speech. There is no consensus. In specific cases, officials enjoy high discretion. In the progressive development and mature market economy conditions, the information of the goods, the background of the enterprise. Business information such as the condition of the operator will become an indispensable and important factor for citizens to participate in market activities and make correct decisions. Business discourse also plays a significant role in maintaining a democratic society and building a judicial system. Profit-making business speech has been subject to more restrictions than ordinary speech. Commercial speech is not contrary to the law and morality, because of its enormous role in promoting the economy. We should encourage the free expression of commercial speech. However, the reality is that restrictions on commercial speech are increasing, due to the increase in false content of commercial speech. Illegal business discourse has indeed dealt a severe blow to the market order. However, we can not choke. We should still take a rational approach to the issue of restrictions on business speech. The author tries to focus on the constitutional status of business speech. Through the domestic and foreign different periods about the commercial speech theory and the judicial precedent, attempts to clarify the commercial speech development track and the constitutional status. In the research method, the author uses the comparative research method. To domestic and foreign related commercial speech theory, the concrete system carries on the research. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part explores the basic attributes of business speech, discusses the simple definition of business speech, on the basis of the definition. The characteristics and functions of commercial speech are discussed. Based on the characteristics of commercial speech, the distinction between general speech and commercial speech is proposed. Then, based on the development of commercial speech in the United States. This paper introduces the development of commercial speech theory and practice in the United States, and introduces the commercial speech in German law. The second part mainly introduces the following three mainstream views: the constitutional protection of business speech. Commercial speech does not belong to the constitutional protection theory or the limited protection of commercial speech theory. Through the introduction of this part of the theoretical knowledge. This paper points out that the constitutional status of commercial speech is difficult to be clarified. Through the comparative analysis of literature and case studies, this paper finds that the attitude of countries towards commercial speech is different. The third part first through the commercial speech of our country. On the present situation. Part 4th tries to discuss the ways and means of restricting the commercial speech in China on the basis of the research results of the previous chapter. On the basis of sub-analysis, this paper puts forward the model construction of commercial speech restriction.
【学位授予单位】：浙江工商大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D921;D923.99

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