美国违宪审查中的宪法解释方法

发布时间：2018-02-24 08:50

本文关键词： 违宪性判断宪法解释方法宪法解释方法特质宪法解释方法影响因素宪法解释方法的选择　出处：《复旦大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：美国丰富的宪法解释实践告诉我们,有关宪法解释理论之争,重点在于宪法解释方法之争。本文结合美国宪法案例,全面分析了美国违宪审查中宪法解释方法的理论和实践。鉴于在美国司法实践中,并不是所有提交联邦法院的违宪审查请求都会启动违宪审查程序,并进一步进行宪法解释。因此,本文第一章介绍了在违宪审查中宪法解释的前提。首先,美国宪法解释是由普通法院作为解释主体。其次,法院在进行违宪审查前,先要基于对立法机关的尊重而回避做出与宪法相关的解释,包括回避做出宪法判断及回避做出违宪的宪法判断。第二章讨论了美国宪法解释方法的传统路径。阐释了文义、原旨、历史和目的解释方法的含义、应用,及困境反思。本章不意在区分各种解释方法,而在于分析各种方法之启示,引导在宪法解释实践中综合考虑各种方法,以最大程度保障公民权利和实现宪法价值。第三章分析了美国宪法解释方法的现代发展。在弥补传统宪法解释方法不足的基础上,解释者不囿于传统的解释方法,发展出了利益衡量、原则阐释和结果考量的宪法解释方法。第四章分析和评述了美国宪法的解释方法。首先,归纳了宪法解释方法的特质；其次,分析了美国宪法解释方法的影响因素；最后,尝试提出宪法解释方法的选择方法。我国虽无违宪审查制度,但却有解释宪法和保障公民权利的需求,因此,研究美国宪法解释实践,对我国理解宪法价值和保障公民权利具有重要的意义。
[Abstract]:The rich practice of constitutional interpretation in the United States tells us that the dispute about the theory of constitutional interpretation is focused on the dispute of the method of constitutional interpretation. This paper, in combination with the case of American Constitution, comprehensively analyzes the theory and practice of the method of constitutional interpretation in the review of unconstitutionality in the United States. Given that in judicial practice in the United States, not all requests for review of constitutionality before a federal court will initiate a review process for unconstitutionality and further constitutional interpretation... therefore, The first chapter introduces the premise of constitutional interpretation in the review of unconstitutionality. Firstly, the interpretation of the Constitution of the United States is conducted by ordinary courts as the main body of interpretation. First of all, we should make constitutional interpretation based on respect for the legislature, including avoiding constitutional judgment and unconstitutional constitutional judgment. The second chapter discusses the traditional ways of interpreting the American Constitution. It explains the meaning, application, and dilemma of the interpretation methods of the meaning, the original purpose, the history and the purpose. It lies in analyzing the enlightenment of various methods and guiding the comprehensive consideration of various methods in the practice of constitutional interpretation in order to protect the civil rights and realize the constitutional value to the greatest extent. The third chapter analyzes the modern development of the American constitutional interpretation method. On the basis of making up for the deficiency of the traditional constitutional interpretation method, the interpreter is not confined to the traditional interpretation method, and develops the interest measurement. Interpretation of principles and results of the constitutional interpretation method. Chapter 4th analyzes and comments on the interpretation methods of the American Constitution. Firstly, it sums up the characteristics of the interpretation methods of the Constitution; secondly, it analyzes the influencing factors of the methods of the interpretation of the Constitution of the United States; finally, it analyzes the factors affecting the interpretation of the Constitution. Although there is no unconstitutional review system in China, there is a need to interpret the constitution and protect the rights of citizens. Therefore, this paper studies the practice of constitutional interpretation in the United States. It is of great significance for our country to understand the constitutional value and protect the civil rights.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D971.2;DD911

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