宪法解释权性质研究

发布时间：2018-09-03 06:39

【摘要】：宪法是国家的根本大法,是各种法律法规的“母法”,这就决定了宪法具有抽象性、概括性、原则性；另外,在国家的法律体系中宪法具有最高的法律效力,这就决定了宪法的最高权威性,也就必须具有稳定性,是不能被朝令夕改的。然而现实生活是不断发展变化的,为了保障宪法的实施,推动宪法的不断发展、维护宪法稳定性就必须对宪法加以解释。而通过对宪法解释权性质的分析对保障宪法的有效实施、正确理解宪法、维护宪法的权威具有重要的意义。世界上不同的国家采用不同的宪法解释权模式,这是因为对宪法解释权性质的分析不同所导致的。我国近年来在实践中出现了一些公民基本权利受到侵害的案件,在这些案件中基本法律没有规定从而就无法适用基本法,此时就需要宪法这一根本法对公民的基本权利加以保护,但是在司法实践中,宪法并没有作为法院裁判案件的直接法律依据,没有产生实际的法律效力。鉴于现实中出现了越来越多的公民基本权利遭到侵害而在宪法解释闲置的前提下公民权利没有途径得到救济的情况,使得我们对我国的全国人大常委会的宪法解释权是否合理产生质疑。通过宪法解释权性质的分析对宪法的实施、发展具有深远影响,而我国对宪法解释权性质却没有给予足够的重视,我国的宪法解释制度还很不完善。本文通过国内外对宪法解释权性质的分析,同时对我国宪法解释权在理论和实践中存在的问题加以分析,结合国外的相关经验,提出解决问题的对策,以期对我国的宪法解释制度有所裨益。本文除引言和结论外,共分为四部分。第一部分是宪法解释权基本理论。这一部分通过对宪法解释权基本概念的分析,使得人们能够对我国的宪法解释权性质有了深入的认识,并对宪法解释权的性质进行重新界定,通过对宪法解释权性质的介绍对我国的宪法的法律适用以及宪法解释的进一步完善具有一定的理论意义。第二部分是对国外宪法解释权性质的介绍。这一部分通过对国外宪法解释权性质的介绍,主要是对国外与国内宪法解释权性质的横向比较,引发人们对我国宪法解释权性质的思考。通过国内外宪法解释权性质的比较对我国宪法解释权的完善有一定的现实指导作用。第三部分是通过对现有的典型案例的分析,引出我国宪法解释权存在的问题并对这些问题进行分析。通过分析我们看到正是由于我国宪法解释权性质存在一些不完善之处,使得我国出现了许多宪法案件却无法使得当事人的合法权利得到有效的救济,进而使得人们对我国法律权威产生怀疑,导致我国法律体系受到威胁。第四部分是针对我国宪法解释权性质存在的问题提出的相应的完善措施。包括根源上宪法的法律适用,宪法解释的主体设计以及程序设计。通过这种比较完善的制度化规定使得我国的宪法案件能够有法可依,公民的基本权利得到合法的保障,对我国社会的稳定和谐发展有重要的影响。
[Abstract]:Constitution is the fundamental law of the country and the "mother law" of various laws and regulations, which determines that the constitution is abstract, general and principled; in addition, the constitution has the highest legal effect in the national legal system, which determines the supreme authority of the constitution, and it must be stable and can not be changed overnight. In order to ensure the implementation of the Constitution, promote its continuous development and maintain its stability, the Constitution must be interpreted. The analysis of the nature of the power of interpretation of the Constitution is of great significance to the effective implementation of the Constitution, the correct understanding of the Constitution and the protection of the authority of the Constitution. In recent years, some cases of infringement of citizens'basic rights have appeared in our country. In these cases, the basic law can not be applied because the basic law is not stipulated in the basic law. At this time, the basic law of constitution is needed. The basic rights of citizens are protected, but in judicial practice, the Constitution does not serve as the direct legal basis for the court to adjudicate cases and has no actual legal effect. The analysis of the nature of the Constitutional Interpretation Power has a far-reaching impact on the implementation and development of the Constitution. However, China has not paid enough attention to the nature of the Constitutional Interpretation Power, and China's Constitutional Interpretation System is far from perfect. This paper analyzes the nature of the power of constitutional interpretation both at home and abroad, analyzes the problems existing in the theory and practice of the power of constitutional interpretation in our country, and puts forward some countermeasures to solve the problems in the light of the relevant experience abroad, in order to benefit the system of constitutional interpretation in our country.
In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this article is divided into four parts.
The first part is the basic theory of the power of constitutional interpretation.Through the analysis of the basic concepts of the power of constitutional interpretation, people can have a deep understanding of the nature of the power of constitutional interpretation in China, redefine the nature of the power of constitutional interpretation, and introduce the nature of the power of constitutional interpretation to the legal application of our constitution. And the further improvement of the constitutional interpretation has certain theoretical significance.
The second part is the introduction of the nature of the power of constitutional interpretation in foreign countries. This part introduces the nature of the power of constitutional interpretation in foreign countries, mainly the horizontal comparison between the nature of the power of constitutional interpretation in foreign countries and in China, which arouses people's thinking about the nature of the power of constitutional interpretation in China. The improvement has certain guiding role in reality.
The third part is through the analysis of the existing typical cases, leads to the problems of the right to interpret the Constitution in China and analyzes these problems. Effective relief, and then make people doubt the authority of our legal system, leading to the threat to our legal system.
The fourth part is about the corresponding measures to improve the nature of the Constitutional Interpretation, including the application of the law, the design of the main body and the procedure of the Constitutional Interpretation. The guarantee has an important influence on the stable and harmonious development of our society.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D921

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