制度移植的变异与失败——基于对近代中国宪政的考察

发布时间：2019-04-15 21:00

【摘要】：制度移植是近代中国政治制度变迁的主要形式。宪政被移入中国后却发生了变异并最终导致失败:国家主义宪政模式背离了宪政自由主义的本质;全能主义政府背离了有限政府的宪政精神;法治变成了"法制"下的"人治"。宪政移植变异与失败的原因在于:移植制度与本土非正式制度的紧张与冲突:中国社会传统缺少宪政基因并存在着反宪政基因;移植制度不能满足本土社会发展的要求:宪政与中国现代化的冲突;移植制度缺乏生长的土壤:中国缺乏宪政生成和成长的社会经济条件;"中体西用"范式下功利主义宪政理性使宪政制度与精神相背离而仅具形式之完美。在全球化的今天,制度移植已成为发展中国家谋求政治发展的普遍形式之一,宪政移植的命运对今天中国政治发展有着重要的启示和借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:Institutional transplantation is the main form of political institutional change in modern China. When constitutionalism was moved to China, it changed and eventually led to failure: nationalist constitutional mode deviated from the essence of constitutional liberalism; omnipotent government deviated from the constitutional spirit of limited government; The rule of law has become the rule of man under the rule of law. The reasons for the variation and failure of constitutional transplantation are: the tension and conflict between the transplant system and the local informal system; the lack of constitutional genes and the existence of anti-constitutional genes in the traditional Chinese society; The transplant system can not meet the requirements of the development of local society: the conflict between constitutionalism and China's modernization, the lack of soil for growth of transplant system, the lack of socio-economic conditions for the formation and growth of constitutionalism in China; Utilitarian constitutional rationality under the paradigm of "Chinese body and western use" makes constitutional system deviate from spirit and has only formal perfection. In today's globalization, institutional transplantation has become one of the universal forms for developing countries to seek political development. The fate of constitutional transplantation has important enlightenment and reference significance for the political development of China today.
【作者单位】：东南大学政治与公共管理系;
【基金】：教育部2010年度人文社会科学研究规划基金项目《国民政府监察院研究(1931—1949)》(10YJA770031)的中期研究成果
【分类号】：D929;D921

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