多瓶颈路段出行行为分析及拥堵收费策略研究

发布时间：2018-01-09 03:29

本文关键词：多瓶颈路段出行行为分析及拥堵收费策略研究　出处：《合肥工业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着社会经济的发展和城市化进程的加快,城市的机动车保有量和居民出行需求量也相应增长,道路交通需求远远超过供给能力,拥堵成为必然结果。其中,特定时段大量通勤个体的集聚出行使得高峰期交通拥堵问题尤为突出。在缓解交通拥堵的众多方法中,拥堵收费作为交通需求管理的一种经济手段对其发挥着积极作用;而解释和预测通勤者的出行行为则是制定该策略的基础工作之一。在研究通勤出行行为的过程中,瓶颈模型以简单、直观的方式刻画了高峰期出行行为,其研究有助于人们认识城市通勤出行规律。但已有文献多讨论单一瓶颈模型及其扩展,对多瓶颈路段交通网络缺乏拥堵收费方面的研究。此外,相对于丰富和成熟的理论研究,有关现实生活中早高峰出行行为的实证研究显得较为不足。鉴于此,本文首先分析了交通拥堵产生的原因及影响,阐述了道路拥堵收费的概念,简要整理和叙述了经典的单一瓶颈模型及相关拥堵收费策略。其次,立足于多瓶颈路段视角,针对Y型交通路网构建了时变收费及策略性等待单步收费模型。基于出行者的出发时间选择遵循用户均衡准则的假设,理论推导出了不同汇合规则下用户均衡的流入率和个人出行成本。依据出行者的出发时间选择规律,进一步推导出了单步收费条件下的最优道路拥堵收费时段和费率。研究发现:时变收费方案能够完全消除各瓶颈处的排队拥堵,但却使得通勤者的个人出行成本不小于同等条件不收费情形下的结果;而策略性等待单步收费可以一定程度上有效降低交通网络的系统总阻抗,但也可能会增加出行者的个人出行成本。此外,还发现单步收费的有效性不但与汇合规则有关,还取决于上下游瓶颈路段通行能力的相对大小。验证了Y型交通路网上存在Braess诡异现象,即扩大上游路段的瓶颈通行能力可能会引起系统总出行成本的增加。再次,本文采取网络实验的方式构建瓶颈模型出行环境,分析拥堵收费等显著变量对通勤者出行决策行为的影响。结果表明:实验没有收敛到任何理论的均衡状态;与理论模型解析解相比,参与者的平均出行时间和出行成本均略高于理论值。此外,单步收费使得参与者的出行时间整体推后;但排队等待时间和系统总出行成本较无收费组均有所降低。就参与者出行行为而言,几乎所有参与者都改变了最少一半实验次数的出发时间;该选择行为调整的动机可能源于:在前一轮公开信息的影响下,每个参与者期望降低每轮出行成本而提高个人最终收益。
[Abstract]:With the development of social economy and city urbanization, the city's vehicle ownership and travel demand is increasing, the traffic demand far exceeds supply capacity, congestion has become the inevitable result. Among them, a large number of specific period of individual exercise was a commuter agglomeration peak period traffic congestion problem is particularly prominent. In many ways to ease traffic congestion in the congestion charge as an economical means of transportation demand management to play an active role; travel behavior and to explain and predict the commuter is the basis for making the strategy of one. In the process of commuting behavior, the bottleneck model in a simple and intuitive way to describe the peak travel behavior. The research will help people to know the travel law. But there are many commuter city literature to discuss the bottleneck of a single model and its extension to multi bottleneck road traffic network. Study on the lack of congestion charging aspects. In addition, compared with the rich and mature theoretical research, empirical research on the reality of life in early peak travel behavior is relatively insufficient. In view of this, this paper first analyzes the reason and influence of transportation, expounds the concept of road congestion charges, and briefly describes the model of single bottleneck finishing the classic and congestion pricing strategy. Secondly, based on the multi bottleneck perspective, based on the type of Y traffic network construction time-varying charges and strategic step charge model. Waiting for traveler's departure time according to user equalization criterion based on the hypothesis deduced under different convergence rules of user equilibrium flow rate and the individual travel cost. According to the traveler's departure time choice of law, further deduced the single charge conditions of the optimal road congestion charge time and rate of research. The time-varying charging scheme can completely eliminate the queue congestion at the bottleneck, but makes the commuter personal travel cost is not less than the same conditions without charge case results; and the strategical step for charging can to some extent reduce the traffic network system of total resistance, but may also increase the traveler the individual travel cost. In addition, also found that the effectiveness of single charge is not only related with the convergence rule, also depends on the relative size of the downstream bottleneck link capacity. Verify the Y type traffic road network Braess strange phenomenon, that is to expand upstream of the bottleneck traffic capacity may lead to increasing the total system travel cost. Once again, this paper adopts experimental method to build network bottleneck model travel environment, analysis of the impact of congestion fees and other significant variables of the commuter travel decision behavior. The results show that the experiment did not receive Convergence to the equilibrium state of any theory; compared with the present analytical solutions, the participants average travel time and travel cost are slightly higher than the theoretical value. In addition, the step charge makes the participants travel time backward; but the waiting time and the total travel cost is system free of charge group were decreased. The participants travel behavior almost all the participants, to change the starting time at least half of the number of experiments; the choice of behavior adjustment motivation may be due to: in effect before the round of public information, each participant is expected to lower the cost and improve the per round out the individual final income.

【学位授予单位】：合肥工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491

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