建筑生命周期碳成本核算研究

发布时间：2018-01-13 06:09

本文关键词：建筑生命周期碳成本核算研究　出处：《北京交通大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：温室气体,特别是二氧化碳的排放,是不可忽视的环境污染物,1999年《京都议定书》签定,明确了二氧化碳排放总量控制的基本减排框架,表明了人类严格控制二氧化碳等温室气体排放的巨大决心。作为一个世界大国,我国主动担负起减排的责任,承诺到2030年比2005年单位GDP能耗下降60%-65%,还计划于2017年启动全国碳排放交易体系,将覆盖钢铁、电力、化工、建筑、造纸和有色金属等重点工业行业。建筑作为一种特殊的产品,二氧化碳排放量十分巨大,我国每年由建筑业产生的碳排放量占总排放量的40%左右,为了促进建筑业的碳减排,实现建筑业的可持续发展,除了所产生的直接成本外,建筑在其生命周期内的设计规划、材料生产与加工、施工建设、运营维护、废弃拆除各阶段中所产生的碳成本也应引起重视,因为这部分需要由企业直接付出的经济损失是企业实施碳减排的最大动力。目前国内外关于建筑碳成本的研究还很不充分,因此,本文在综合了建筑LCA、建筑环境成本和碳成本等相关研究的基础上,通过对建筑生命周期内所产生的碳排放进行分析和建模,利用我国的碳交易体系和碳税体系建立了建筑生命周期碳成本核算模型,并阐述了不同体系下碳成本的碳会计处理方法。本文还对一个实际的建筑案例进行了实例计算,分析了不同体系下的建筑碳成本组成、意义和会计记录,对比了碳成本与LIME方法下的碳排放环境损害成本异同,以此验证建筑生命周期碳成本核算模型的有效性和可靠性。本文还讨论了建筑生命周期碳成本核算对建筑业的意义和影响,从企业成本控制,建筑业碳减排动力和碳减排政策选择的角度进行了分析,并得出我国应综合碳交易与碳税体系,兼顾短期与远期效益的建议。本文的研究成果可以为以后建筑碳成本的相关研究打下基础,提供一种核算建筑碳成本的方法;除此之外,建筑生命周期碳成本的核算还可以为未来为我国建筑业的碳减排政策,特别是即将实施的全国碳交易市场政策提供一定的参考。
[Abstract]:Greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide emissions, can not be ignored the environmental pollutants, in 1999 signed the Kyoto Protocol > <, defined the basic framework of the total control of emissions of carbon dioxide emissions, and strictly control the human shows great determination of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions. As a big country in the world, our country take the initiative to assume responsibility for emissions reductions commitment to the decline in 2030 than in 2005 60%-65% unit GDP energy consumption in 2017 is planned to start carbon trading system will cover the national emissions, iron and steel, electric power, chemical industry, building, papermaking industries and non-ferrous metals. As a special construction products, a huge amount of carbon dioxide emissions, carbon emissions in China each year from building industry accounts for about 40% of the total emissions of carbon emissions, in order to promote the construction industry, realizing the sustainable development of building industry, in addition to the direct cost, building in Planning and design of its life cycle, material production and processing, construction, operation and maintenance, the cost of carbon produced by waste removal in various stages should be paid more attention, because this part of the need to pay by direct economic losses is the largest power enterprises to implement carbon emission reduction. The current research on the carbon cost of building it is not sufficient, therefore, in this paper the building LCA based architecture of the cost and the cost of carbon and so on, are analyzed and modeled by of building life cycle carbon emissions, building the life cycle cost of carbon model using China's carbon trading system and a carbon tax system, and describes the method of accounting the cost of carbon carbon under different system. This paper has also carried on the calculation of an actual construction case, analyzes the construction cost of carbon under different system components, and will Meter records, carbon emissions, environmental damage cost comparison of the cost of carbon and LIME method, in order to verify the validity of building life cycle carbon cost and reliability of the model. In this paper, the significance and effect of building life cycle carbon cost accounting of the construction industry are also discussed from the angle of enterprise cost control, construction industry selection of carbon emission power and the carbon emission reduction policy are analyzed, and the comprehensive carbon trading and carbon tax system in China, both short-term and long-term benefits. The results of this study can be for the future study of building carbon cost basis, provides a method of accounting of construction cost of carbon; in addition, the life of the building carbon cycle cost accounting but also for the future for China's construction industry carbon emission reduction policies, especially provide certain reference to the imminent implementation of the national carbon trading market policy.

【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU723.3

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