北京市地面公交成本—票价—补贴联动机制研究

发布时间：2018-03-15 03:24

本文选题：地面公交　切入点：客运量　出处：《北京交通大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：地面公交是城市公共交通的重要组成部分,也是人们工作、生活正常运转的重要保证。近年来,在实施低票价和总额补贴政策情况下,北京市地面公交运营成本攀升幅度大大高于运营收入的增长,公交企业面临着严重亏损,政府每年需要给予公交企业巨额补贴,地面公交运营发展进入亏损-补贴-再亏损的恶性循环状态。为了促进地面公交的可持续发展,2014年12月28日,北京市实施地面公交票制票价改革,单纯的票价提升对改善公交企业的运营状况,缓解财政补贴压力的作用不大。本文以探索地面公交成本、票价、补贴的联动管理为目标,以期达到促进北京市地面公交运营发展良性循环的目的。本文从客运量、成本管理、票价管制,补贴实施角度分析北京市地面公交运营发展现状,明确了北京市地面公交运营恶性循环的问题归根结底是由成本、票价和补贴的脱钩管理导致的。针对关键问题,探索地面公交客运量、成本、票价、补贴交互式关系,以企业可发展、居民可接受、政府可承担为原则,提出基于客运量导向的成本-票价-补贴联动机制基本框架体系。在梳理国内外学者的研究成果以及成本规制理论、拉姆齐定价理论、价格上限理论、委托代理理论的基础上,进行了理论和方法的创新,构建基于客运量导向的成本-票价-补贴联动机制测算模型。以标准成本为基础确定合理回报票价和规制票价,基于客运量考核结果、合理回报票价和规制票价测算最优补贴,根据补贴额度实施票价动态调整。通过成本、票价、补贴的联动管理,增强企业经营动力,提高补贴的效率,促进地面公交的可持续发展。最后,以北京市公交企业的运营数据为基础,运用联动机制模型进行测算和分析,验证联动机制的适用性和可操作性,形成基于北京市地面公交实际发展情况的联动机制管理配套政策及措施,为北京市政府管理地面公交行业、促进其可持续发展提供重要参考。
[Abstract]:Public transport on the ground is an important part of urban public transport, and also an important guarantee for the normal operation of people's work and life. In recent years, with the implementation of the policy of low fares and total subsidies, The operating cost of public transport on the ground in Beijing is rising much more than the growth of operating income, and the public transport enterprises are facing serious losses. The government needs to give huge subsidies to the public transport enterprises every year. In order to promote the sustainable development of ground public transport, in December 28th 2014, Beijing implemented the fare reform of ticket system for ground public transport. The simple fare increase has little effect on improving the operation condition of public transport enterprises and relieving the pressure of financial subsidy. This paper aims at exploring the linkage management of surface bus cost, ticket price and subsidy. In order to achieve the purpose of promoting the benign cycle of the development of the ground transit operation in Beijing, this paper analyzes the present situation of the development of the ground transit operation in Beijing from the aspects of passenger volume, cost management, fare control and subsidy implementation. This paper clarifies that the vicious circle of Beijing ground public transport operation is caused by the decoupling management of cost, ticket price and subsidy in the final analysis. Aiming at the key problems, this paper explores the interactive relationship among passenger volume, cost, ticket price and subsidy of ground public transport. Based on the principle that enterprises can develop, residents can accept and the government can bear, this paper puts forward the basic frame system of cost-fare subsidy linkage mechanism based on passenger volume guidance, combing the research results of domestic and foreign scholars and the theory of cost regulation. On the basis of Ramsay's pricing theory, price cap theory, and principal-agent theory, we have carried out theoretical and methodological innovations. Based on the standard cost, the reasonable return ticket price and regulated fare are determined, and the optimal subsidy is calculated based on the result of passenger volume assessment, reasonable return fare and regulated ticket price. Through the linkage management of cost, ticket price and subsidy, we can strengthen the enterprise's operating power, improve the efficiency of subsidy, and promote the sustainable development of public transportation on the ground. Based on the operation data of public transport enterprises in Beijing, the linkage mechanism model is used to calculate and analyze the applicability and maneuverability of the linkage mechanism. In order to provide important reference for the Beijing government to manage the ground public transport industry and promote its sustainable development, it forms the supporting policies and measures of the linkage mechanism management based on the actual development of the ground public transport in Beijing.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F572.88

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