基于生命周期理论的人性化住宅成本管理研究

发布时间：2018-05-13 21:21

本文选题：人性化 + 节能　；参考：《安徽大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国经济持续健康发展,我国建筑业正经历着前所未有的冲击和考验。经验告诉我们,经济发展离不开支柱产业的带动,建筑业正是重要的支柱产业之一,加之城镇化步伐加快,建筑业发展的速度超过了中国历史上任何一个时期,城市建设中商品住宅的开发和建设也正以前所未有的速度和规模展开。长期以来房地产粗放式地发展,其效益增长主要依靠土地、水、能源等资源的过度消耗。建筑速度过快和过度追求高额利润,以及对住宅需求缺乏细致的研究,导致社会环境质量下降,投资浪费,资源严重消耗。城市居民普遍感觉远离自然、邻里关系淡漠、缺少安全感、缺乏归属感、缺乏社区认同感。随着新“国五条”的政策出台,房地产市场继续执行限购政策、抑制投资投机性需求的调控更加严厉,房价将在一定时期停止上涨。房地产市场不同于普通商品市场,直接关系上游和下游的几十个产业和商业领域,某种意义上已经关系今后社会经济的发展情况,高额的房价之下透支的是社会和民生成本,不仅剥离的是广大消费者的福祉,给社会经济发展也会埋下重重隐患。拥有大量资金和土地储备的大型房地产企业都迫切希望秉承社会责任,走一条成熟稳健的成本管理之路。从急功近利的心态转变到关注住宅生命周期、关注整个产业乃至整个国民经济的可持续性发展。如何在有限的资源下实现可持续经济发展?如何在可持续的发展中提高人民的生活质量和健康水平?即运用生命周期理论研究人性化住宅成本管理。人性化住宅成本管理注重以人为本,基于生命周期的成本理论,以“绿色住宅”、“节能建筑”等一系列举措,实施可持续发展的战略目标；微观上领先的房地产企业要在激烈的市场竞争中立足发展,用生命周期成本的理论探索房地产项目符合国家科学发展观的政策,是促进企业长足发展的有效实践。由于我国在生命周期成本管理方面与发达国家相比仍存在一定差距,过分关注眼前利益而淡化生命周期成本导致的严重经济后果无时无刻不在警醒着社会各个阶层。因此,如何合理有效地应用生命周期理论进行人性化住宅成本管理研究,具有非常重要的理论意义和现实意义。对此,本文结合我国现实政治和经济体制背景,以生命周期的视角对人性化住宅成本管理进行探索研究。术文研究共由五个部分组成首先,第一部分首先简要概述了本文的研究背景和研究意义,在详细归纳与总结国内外研究动念的基础上,明确本文的研究框架与研究思路,指出本文的创新点与研究不足。第二部分主要介绍了生命周期成本和人性化住宅的相关概念,阐述生命周期理论对人性化住宅的作用机理,阐述人性化住宅成本管理的内涵,即成本的构成、成本管理体系和成本管理方法。第三部分简要介绍了发达国家人性化住宅成本管理的措施和效果,我国人性化住宅管理的现状及存在问题,对我国人性化住宅管理机制进行深入探讨,介绍了我国建设项目的建设体制和建设程序,把建设程序按照生命周期划分为前期、中期和后期三个阶段,通过参建项目的各责任主体自发自觉地管理节约投资,降低成本。在房地产建设开发的各个阶段运用价值工程,实现全过程生命成本最优。第四部分选取HS地产人性化住宅成本管理案例,总结优缺点及推广的意义。第五部分以相关理论为依据,结合我国特殊的政治和经济体制背景,提出本文的主要研究结论、对策建议和研究展望。本文的创新及特色在于：国内外学者就单一技术层面上对生命周期理论研究较为丰富,但在宏观经济层面上对两者结合的深入研究匮乏。本文从生命周期理论中提炼人性化住宅的概念,对我国住宅建设成本管理进行研究具有新意。其次本文在国家对房地产宏观调控的背景下选取HS地产住宅成本管理为案例,基于LCC理论分析生命周期成本降低能使资源耗费减少、增加可持续度,为LCC理论研究提供应用实例,使研究结论更具说服力。
[Abstract]:With the sustained and healthy development of our country's economy, China's construction industry is experiencing unprecedented impact and test. Experience has told us that the economic development can not be driven by the support of the pillar industry. The construction industry is one of the important pillar industries, and the pace of urbanization is accelerated. The speed of the development of the construction industry exceeds any period in Chinese history. The development and construction of commodity housing in the city construction is also being carried out with unprecedented speed and scale. For a long time, the development of real estate has been developed largely, its benefit growth mainly depends on the excessive consumption of land, water, energy and other resources. The city dwellers generally feel away from nature, indifferent neighborhoods, lack of sense of security, lack of sense of belonging and lack of community identity. With the introduction of the new "Five" policy, the real estate market continues to implement the limit purchase policy, restraining the regulation of investment speculative demand more severe, house price will be more severe, house price will be In a certain period, the real estate market is different from the ordinary commodity market, which is directly related to dozens of industrial and commercial fields upstream and downstream. In a sense, it has been related to the development of the social and economic development in a sense. The high price overdraft is the cost of the society and the people's livelihood. It is not only the welfare of the broad consumers, but also the welfare of the consumers. Large real estate enterprises with large amount of funds and land reserves are eager to follow the social responsibility and take a mature and stable road of cost management. From the mentality of quick success to the life cycle of the house, the sustainable development of the whole industry and the whole national economy is concerned. How to achieve sustainable economic development under limited resources? How to improve the quality of life and health of the people in the sustainable development? That is, the use of life cycle theory to study the cost management of humanized housing.
Human based residential cost management focuses on the people-oriented, based on the life cycle cost theory, with a series of measures, such as "green house", "energy saving building" and a series of measures to implement the strategic goal of sustainable development; the micro leading real estate enterprises should develop in the fierce market competition and explore the real estate with the theory of life cycle cost. The project conforms to the national Scientific Outlook on Development policy and is an effective practice to promote the rapid development of the enterprises. Because there is still a gap in the life cycle cost management of our country compared with the developed countries, the serious economic consequences caused by the excessive attention to the immediate interests and the desalination of the life cycle cost are always vigilant to all social strata. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance how to apply the life cycle theory to humanized housing cost management reasonably and effectively. This paper, based on the realistic political and economic system background of our country, explores the management of humanized housing based on the perspective of life cycle.
The first part of the study is composed of five parts. The first part is a brief overview of the background and significance of the study. On the basis of the detailed induction and summary of domestic and foreign research, the research framework and research ideas are clarified, and the innovation points and research lack of this article are pointed out. The second part mainly introduces the life cycle cost. With the related concept of humanized residence, this paper expounds the mechanism of life cycle theory to humanized residence, expounds the connotation of human housing cost management, namely the composition of cost, the system of cost management and the method of cost management. The third part briefly introduces the measures and effects of human housing cost management in developed countries, and the human nature in our country. The status and existing problems of mansion management are discussed, and the mechanism of human housing management in China is deeply discussed. The construction system and construction procedures of China's construction projects are introduced. The construction procedures are divided into three stages, in the period of the life cycle, in the early stage, in the middle period and in the later stage, and by the voluntary and conscious management of the investment and reducing the investment by the responsible subjects of the project. Low cost. Use value engineering in all stages of real estate development to achieve the best cost of life in the whole process. The fourth part selects the case of HS real estate cost management, summarizes the advantages and disadvantages and the significance of promotion. The fifth part is based on relevant theories, and combines the special political and economic system background of our country, and puts forward this article. The main research conclusions, countermeasures and research prospects.
The innovation and characteristics of this article are: scholars at home and abroad are more rich in the study of the life cycle theory on the single technology level, but in the macro economic level, the in-depth study of the combination of the two is scarce. This paper abstracts the concept of humanized housing from the life cycle theory, and has a new meaning to study the cost management of housing construction in our country. This article selects the HS real estate cost management as a case under the background of the national macro-control of real estate. Based on the LCC theory, the reduction of life cycle cost can reduce the cost of the resources and increase the sustainability. It provides an application example for the research of the LCC theory, and makes the research conclusion more convincing.

【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F234.2;F299.23

【参考文献】