通勤成本 的翻译结果

  本文关键词：住房成本与通勤成本的空间互动关系——来自北京市场的微观证据及其宏观含义，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。

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宏观经济管理与可持续发展

通勤成本

     The Spatial Interaction of Housing Cost and Commuting Cost:Evidence from Beijing Market

     住房成本与通勤成本的空间互动关系——来自北京市场的微观证据及其宏观含义

短句来源

     Housing cost and commuting cost are two major and interrelated endogenous variables in urban spatial models.

     住房成本和通勤成本是城市空间结构中两个相互关联的内生变量。

短句来源

     ( b ) lower cost;

     (b)成本低;

短句来源

     Cost System Englineering

     成本系统工程

短句来源

     Housing cost and commuting cost are two major and interrelated endogenous variables in urban spatial models.

     住房成本和通勤成本是城市空间结构中两个相互关联的内生变量。

短句来源

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  commuting costs

The intuition behind it is that the increase in commuting costs for landowners due to renter-immigration is overlooked in Sasaki's model.

Above we have presumed that the commuting costs are determined by a drawing from a homogeneous distribution, ignoring the travel mode decision.

Agglomeration is also sustainable for low values of transport costs provided that commuting costs are also sufficiently low.

An individual receives a wage w when employed and incurs commuting costs t, and receives unemployment benefits z when unemployed.

At the city level, communication costs act as the agglomeration force and commuting costs as the dispersion force.

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One of the major demographic trends in China during the past 20 years has been the rapid growth of the cities, hence a dramatic redistribution of the population. Shanghai, the biggest city in Chi- na, has experienced a marked decentralization of the urban population, with the rural population urbanizing at an accelerated pace. This process of population redistribution will continue and intensify, and the consequent problems should be taken into due consideration.

近２０年来，我国城市迅速发展，，其人口分布态势发生了一系列重大变化。全国最大城市上海，其中心城区范围扩大，人口密度显著下降；城区核心部分人口绝对数。持续减少，城区外缘部分人口大量导入，城市人口分布出现明显的郊区化特点；在郊区农村，城市化迅速推进，农民居住趋于集中，一个以城区为核心的多层次、组团式的合理城镇体系正在形成。以上人口再分布过程，在今后一段较长时期内，还将持续进行，强度还可望进一步加大。对于人口再分布过程中出现的人户分离、中心城区“空心化”、市民通勤成本上升等问题，也应给予足够的重视。

Industrialization and economic growth has driven urban development. As city becomes big, so is the problem of “so-called" urban illnesses that include traffic congestion, housing crowding, and environmental pollution etc. Started in 1960s, satellite city development strategy became appealing and attribute to urban scholars, officials and professionals to address these urban problems. This is based on argument that satellite cities/towns will diffuse city functions as well as urban population and/or “intercept"...

Industrialization and economic growth has driven urban development. As city becomes big, so is the problem of “so-called" urban illnesses that include traffic congestion, housing crowding, and environmental pollution etc. Started in 1960s, satellite city development strategy became appealing and attribute to urban scholars, officials and professionals to address these urban problems. This is based on argument that satellite cities/towns will diffuse city functions as well as urban population and/or “intercept" migration into central city. Empirical studies reveal that government promoted or “created" satellite cities and towns have played limited roles such as urban growth dispersion and diffusion, promotion of transit oriented development, and more housing choices for residents in central city. Studies also demonstrate that negative impacts of satellite cities and towns may outweigh these possible effects. Negative impacts include, but not limited to, (1) inability to redirect and/or control central city growth; (2) job-housing unbalance; (3) rising transportation costs, and (4) low sustainable development for satellite cities and towns.

为解决日益严重的“城市病”,一些学者提出通过发展“自给自足”的卫星城来分流流向大城市的人口,以此限制大城市的发展。卫星城发展的目的有:(1)截流流向中心城市的人口,控制中心城市人口规模的增长;(2)将中心城市的一些经济职能(特别是工业职能,如污染工业等)转移到新建的卫星城。国际经验表明,卫星城发展战略所起的正面作用有:(1)控制中心城市发展,促进“离心”发展;(2)促进公交导向的城市发展模式;(3)为内城居民提供另一个居住选择,从而可以提高生活质量。卫星城有限的功能可能远远不及卫星城发展带来的负面影响。其负面影响包括:(1)卫星城分散或截流人口的效果不佳;(2)就业-居住不平衡。(3)高通勤成本;(4)卫星城市的可持续发展性低。

Housing cost and commuting cost are two major and interrelated endogenous variables in urban spatial models.Households make trade-off between these two costs when choosing their residential locations,which in turn generate the spatial structure of housing price,construction density and commuting patterns.This paper reviews the theoretical equilibrium relationship between commuting cost and housing cost,discusses the impacts of various factors in real world on such a relationship,and provides some empirical evidence...

Housing cost and commuting cost are two major and interrelated endogenous variables in urban spatial models.Households make trade-off between these two costs when choosing their residential locations,which in turn generate the spatial structure of housing price,construction density and commuting patterns.This paper reviews the theoretical equilibrium relationship between commuting cost and housing cost,discusses the impacts of various factors in real world on such a relationship,and provides some empirical evidence using the data from a special-designed survey in Beijing.We also discuss two implications of the empirical results in our paper for the public policies in urban growth management.One is that commuting cost should be considered together with housing cost when studying urban Households' housing affordability;the other is that the extreme departure of housing and jobs may produce negative outcomes,e.g.,the bed-community at city edge,traffic congestion,air pollution,and spatial mismatch problem for disadvantaged population groups.

住房成本和通勤成本是城市空间结构中两个相互关联的内生变量。居民在进行居住区位选择时,会在这两者之间进行权衡,从而形成住房价格、建筑密度和通勤行为在空间上的变化规律。本文回顾了通勤成本和住房成本间的理论均衡关系,探讨了各种现实情况是如何影响这个理论关系的;并利用大规模调研所采集的北京市微观个体数据,提供了这一互动关系的一些定量证据;最后从两个角度探讨了这种互动关系在城市管理的公共政策方面的宏观含义:考虑通勤成本后的住房支付能力评价,以及就业与居住过度分离的社会效果分析。

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  本文关键词：住房成本与通勤成本的空间互动关系——来自北京市场的微观证据及其宏观含义，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。