山西农民工市民化成本分担及实现路径研究

发布时间：2018-10-18 09:12

【摘要】：当前,随着我国新型城镇化的快速推进,高质量的城镇化是人口集聚、市民化与公共服务协调发展的城镇化。因此,农民工市民化是我国城镇化发展的必然要求。但是由于城乡二元制度体制改革的滞后,使农民工不能同城市居民一样平等的享受各种福利待遇,严重制约了农民工的市民化进程,也带来了许多的社会问题,同时严重阻碍了经济的健康发展。而推进农民工市民化的过程实质上就是解决农民工市民化成本分担的过程,同样也是消除城乡二元制度体系的过程。本文先从理论方面,构建了农民工市民化总成本、各主体(政府、企业、个人)成本分担模型并对各主体理性决策进行了机理分析。再以山西的农民工作为研究对象,对山西的农民工及市民化问题进行探索,当前山西农民工以新生代农民工为主但高学历、高人力资本人才欠缺;就业领域分布不均衡;就业结构呈现“三二一”的特点;且在城市的就业状况、住房条件、社会保险、收入水平等仍受城乡二元制度的制约。又从实证方面核算了山西的农民工市民化成本。最后,针对山西农民工市民化存在的现状及问题,构建了多层次市民化实现路径。本文的主要工作:一是对农民工市民化成本分担机制及主体决策模型进行了探索,构建了由政府、企业、个体共同分担的总成本模型。其中政府分担的成本取决于规模经济、城市发达程度;企业分担的成本取决于企业效益、企业发展阶段;个体分担的成本取决于个人收入以及人力资本存量。二是用核算的方法测算出山西年人均市民化成本,本文将基于第二章构建的农民工市民化总成本,通过政府、企业、个体进行核算。结果显示政府分担的市民化成本比例低于企业和个人,根据各个主体的实际支付能力以及农民工市民化成本核算内容的性质,政府应该通过财政补贴减轻企业和个人的负担。三是构建多层次的市民化实现路径:(1)渐进式制度改革推进农民工市民化进程。通过制度改革实现农民工与城市居民均等的公共服务,扩大内需,释放更多的消费支出,加快经济增长,促进企业发展,增强政府的财政收入。同时增强了政府治理城市的能力,企业承担用工成本的能力,以及个体承担城市生活成本的能力,最终增强了各个主体的市民化收益。(2)大城市与中小城镇协同发展实现农民工市民化合作治理。引导农民工在不同规模的城市市民化,实现人口的合理分配,解决省会城市、大城市的人口压力,实现大城市与中小城镇协同发展。(3)多元化融资渠道筹措农民工市民化发展资金。
[Abstract]:At present, with the rapid development of new urbanization in China, the high quality urbanization is the urbanization of population agglomeration, the coordinated development of citizen and public service. Therefore, the urbanization of migrant workers is the inevitable requirement of the development of urbanization in China. However, due to the lag in the reform of the urban-rural dual system, migrant workers cannot enjoy all kinds of welfare treatment on an equal footing with urban residents, which seriously restricts the process of urbanization of migrant workers, and also brings many social problems. At the same time seriously hindered the healthy development of the economy. The process of promoting the urbanization of migrant workers is essentially the process of solving the cost sharing of peasant workers' citizenship, and also the process of eliminating the dual system of urban and rural areas. In this paper, the author first constructs the model of the total cost of peasant workers' citizen, the cost sharing model of each main body (government, enterprise, individual), and analyzes the mechanism of rational decision-making of each main body. Then take the migrant workers in Shanxi as the research object, and explore the problems of migrant workers and citizens in Shanxi. At present, the new generation of migrant workers in Shanxi mainly but with high education, lack of human capital talent, the distribution of employment field is not balanced; The employment structure is characterized by "March 21", and the employment situation, housing conditions, social insurance and income level in cities are still restricted by the dual system of urban and rural areas. And from the empirical aspects of accounting for the cost of rural migrant workers in Shanxi. Finally, in view of the current situation and problems of the urbanization of migrant workers in Shanxi Province, a multi-level approach to the realization of urbanization is constructed. The main work of this paper is as follows: first, it explores the mechanism and decision-making model of peasant workers' civic cost sharing, and constructs the total cost model, which is shared by government, enterprises and individuals. The cost of government share depends on the scale economy, the degree of urban development, the cost of enterprise sharing depends on the enterprise benefit, the stage of enterprise development, and the cost of individual share depends on the personal income and the stock of human capital. The second is to calculate the annual per capita citizen cost of Shanxi Province by using the method of accounting. This article will be based on the total cost of peasant workers' citizenship constructed in Chapter two, and calculate it through the government, enterprises and individuals. The results show that the proportion of civil cost shared by the government is lower than that of enterprises and individuals. According to the actual payment capacity of each subject and the nature of the content of the cost accounting of peasant workers, the government should lighten the burden of enterprises and individuals through financial subsidies. The third is to build a multi-level path to the realization of citizenship: (1) the gradual reform of the system to promote the process of urbanization of migrant workers. Through the system reform to achieve equal public services between migrant workers and urban residents, expand domestic demand, release more consumer expenditure, accelerate economic growth, promote the development of enterprises, and strengthen the government's financial revenue. At the same time, it strengthens the ability of the government to govern the city, the ability of enterprises to bear the cost of employment, and the ability of individuals to bear the cost of living in the city. Finally, it enhances the benefits of citizens of all subjects. (2) the cooperative development of large cities and small and medium-sized cities realizes the cooperative governance of migrant workers. To guide migrant workers to become citizens in cities of different sizes, to realize the rational distribution of the population, to solve the population pressure in provincial capitals and large cities, To realize the coordinated development of large cities and small and medium-sized towns. (3) to raise funds for the development of peasant workers through diversified financing channels.
【学位授予单位】：山西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D412.6;F323.6

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