城市准公共物品—开放式公园的现实问题及对策

发布时间：2018-03-31 11:05

本文选题：准公共物品　切入点：开放式公园　出处：《上海交通大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文以城市开放式公园为例，旨在探讨城市准公共物品的现实问题以及对策。本文首先分析了城市开放式公园为城市准公共物品，因为城市公园实行免费开放之后，具有公共物品的性质特征，但是当公园人数超过公园容纳量时，就会产生竞争消费，所以开放式公园是准公共物品。城市公园免费开放之后，面临了一系列的管理困境，主要有三大难题：一是公园门票收入的损失使得公园的可支配资金减少，导致了公园管理经费的不足。二是免费开放公园使得公园游客数量剧增，，公共设施和生态环境遭到严重破坏，不堪重负，绿化养护、设施维护以及管理成本提高。三是公园免收门票，出入公园的人员身份复杂，公园控制难度较大，使得公园的安全度下降。为了解决目前面临的难题，本文借鉴了国内外的成功经验，如鼓励公园走市场化经营道路，但是由于体制机制的不完善、思想陈旧等原因，我国目前的大环境注定了开放式公园进行市场化经营的时机尚未成熟。所以，结合我国的现实情况，通过对上海市古华公园的实证案例分析，总结出了解决对策。要改善开放式公园管理困境要从解决资金来源、引入第三部门的管理以及完善相关法律法规着手。一是要积极争取政府的财政支持，同时拓宽资金来源渠道，适时进行融资，吸收社会的投资和捐助，如开展认建认养活动、设立公园管理基金、提升旅游附加值等。二是借助社会力量，将第三部门引入公园管理，但由于第三部门在我国尚处于起步阶段，还不够成熟，所以政府要加第三部门的政策扶持，为其发展创造良好的发展环境，第三部门自身则要加强管理和自我完善，主动接受政府和社会的共同监督。三是要进一步制定和修订公园管理的相关法律法规，通过加强立法、提高现有法规的可操作性以及加强社会公众共同参与法制管理的力度，进一步完善我国公园管理的法律体系。此外，政府要加强公共管理的作用，为公园创造良好的机制环境，公园内部也要加强管理制度建设，完善管理规章制度，同时，要建立健全的监督机制，使开放式公园管理更加有序、规范和高效。
[Abstract]:Taking urban open parks as an example, this paper aims to discuss the practical problems and countermeasures of urban quasi-public goods.This paper first analyzes that urban open parks are quasi-public goods, because they have the character of public goods after they are opened free of charge, but when the number of parks exceeds the capacity of parks, they will produce competitive consumption.So open parks are quasi-public goods.After the city park is opened for free, it faces a series of management difficulties, there are three main difficulties: first, the loss of the park ticket income makes the park's disposable funds reduce, which leads to the lack of the park management funds.Second, the number of park visitors increased dramatically, public facilities and ecological environment were seriously damaged, overburdened, green maintenance, facilities maintenance and management costs increased.Third, the park is free of tickets, the identity of the personnel entering and leaving the park is complicated, and the park control is difficult, which makes the safety degree of the park decline.In order to solve the current problems, this paper draws lessons from the successful experiences at home and abroad, such as encouraging parks to take the road of market-oriented management, but due to the imperfection of the system and mechanism, the old ideas, and so on.The present environment of our country doomed the opening park to carry on the market management time not yet ripe.Therefore, combined with the reality of our country, through the empirical case analysis of Gu Hua Park in Shanghai, summed up the solution.In order to improve the difficulties of open park management, we should solve the source of funds, introduce the management of the third sector and improve the relevant laws and regulations.First, we should actively strive for the financial support of the government, at the same time broaden the sources of funds, timely financing, absorb social investment and donations, such as adopting and adopting activities, setting up park management fund, promoting tourism added value, and so on.The second is to introduce the third sector into park management with the help of social forces. However, as the third sector is still in its infancy in our country, it is not mature enough, so the government should increase the policy support of the third sector to create a good development environment for its development.The third sector itself should strengthen management and self-improvement, and accept the joint supervision of government and society.Third, it is necessary to further formulate and revise the relevant laws and regulations on park management, to enhance the operability of existing laws and regulations and to strengthen the public's joint participation in legal management through strengthening legislation.Further improve the legal system of park management in China.In addition, the government should strengthen the role of public administration, create a good institutional environment for the park, and strengthen the construction of the management system within the park, perfect the management rules and regulations, and establish a sound supervisory mechanism.Open park management more orderly, standardized and efficient.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F299.24

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