云南省县级气象机构综合改革研究

发布时间：2018-04-01 03:25

本文选题：县级气象机构　切入点：综合改革　出处：《云南大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着社会的发展和时代的进步,气象服务日益成为社会各个领域不可或缺的需要,但现有气象机构提供的服务却难以满足越来越高的社会需求,所以县级气象机构综合改革成为一项必要和紧迫的现实任务。气象事业是科技型、基础性社会公益事业,与经济社会发展、人民群众生产生活、国家综合防灾减灾、自然资源利用和管理、生态环境改善和保护、国防建设和国家安全密切相关。随着经济、社会的进一步发展和气候变化的不断加剧,特别是近年来我国一系列重大气象灾害和极端天气气候事件的发生,使气象及气象工作受到了前所未有的关注和重视。气象部门是政府主管气象工作的公共管理职能部门,在气象灾害监测预警及防御、突发灾害应急处置、气候变化应对、气候资源保护及开发利用等方面发挥着不可替代的特殊作用。可是,在传统的气象机构管理模式下,气象部门单纯的技术部门管理模式和人员很难满足公共服务和社会管理的综合的职责。要适应社会经济的发展对气象部门提出的越来越高、越来越现实的要求,进行县级气象机构综合改革就成为了一个不可回避的课题。由于“高度分散、高度集中”的业务特点和“服务在地方、效益在地方”的服务特点形成了我国气象部门特有的双重领导管理体制和双重计划财务体制。然而,县级气象主管机构在一次次的改革中被不断弱化,作为直面社会需求的最前沿和承担为社会服务的最直接的主体,县级气象机构不但没有得到双重领导管理体制和双重计划财务体制的双重支撑和保障,反而成为“干活两边抢、给钱两边推”的尴尬角色。现有县级气象机构在社会提出的日益丰富而精细的需求中负重前行步履艰难,特别是日益繁重的气象防灾减灾工作不仅给县级气象机构增加了巨大的工作负担,而且给县级气象部门带来了极大的履职风险和社会压力。分析县级气象机构管理体制存在的问题,根本原因是职能定位不准确、职责划分不清晰,所以导致其机构设置和能力无法满足公共服务和社会管理职能的要求,甚至在履行部分社会管理职责时出现不符合国家相关政策的情况。所以,要实现县级气象机构综合改革,就要从明确职能定位和部门职责出发,把强化科技型、基础性社会公益事业的定位同强化同级人民政府气象工作主管机构、组织开展气象基础业务、公共气象服务和气象社会管理职能的定位结合起来,并把气象防灾减灾作为首要任务。同时,为了避免各个县局各自为政,要在全省统一改革的总体思路和坚持的原则,制定详细可行的实施方案,根据部门职能合理设置机构和相应的岗位职责,多渠道解决人员编制和资金问题,使县级气象机构能够合法高效地履行职责。
[Abstract]:With the development of the society and the progress of the times, the meteorological service has become an indispensable demand in all fields of the society. However, the services provided by the existing meteorological organizations are difficult to meet the increasing social needs.So the comprehensive reform of county meteorological organization becomes a necessary and urgent realistic task.Meteorological undertakings are scientific and technological, basic social welfare undertakings, and economic and social development, production and life of the people, comprehensive disaster prevention and mitigation of the state, utilization and management of natural resources, improvement and protection of the ecological environment,National defense construction and national security are closely related.With the further development of economy, society and climate change, especially the occurrence of a series of serious meteorological disasters and extreme weather and climate events in China in recent years, the meteorological and meteorological work has received unprecedented attention and attention.The meteorological department is the public administrative department in charge of meteorological work. It is responsible for monitoring, warning and prevention of meteorological disasters, emergency response to sudden disasters, and response to climate change.Climate resources protection and development and utilization play an irreplaceable special role.However, under the traditional management mode of meteorological organization, it is difficult to meet the integrated responsibility of public service and social management by the management mode and personnel of technical department of meteorological department.In order to adapt to the higher and higher and more realistic requirements of the meteorological departments in the development of social economy, it is an unavoidable subject to carry out the comprehensive reform of the county-level meteorological organizations.Due to the characteristics of "highly dispersed, highly centralized" and "service in the local, benefit in the local" service characteristics, formed the unique dual leadership management system and dual planning financial system of the meteorological department in our country.However, the county-level meteorological authorities have been continuously weakened in the course of repeated reforms, as the forefront of facing the needs of the society and the most direct main body that undertakes to serve the society.Instead of being supported and guaranteed by the dual leadership management system and the dual planning financial system, the county-level meteorological organizations have become an awkward role of "fighting for both sides of work and pushing money on both sides".The existing county-level meteorological organizations are struggling to carry a heavy load in the increasingly rich and delicate needs of the society, especially the increasingly onerous meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation work, which not only adds a huge workload to the county-level meteorological organizations.Moreover, it brings great risk and social pressure to county meteorological department.Analyzing the problems existing in the management system of county-level meteorological organizations, the fundamental reason is that the function orientation is not accurate and the responsibility division is not clear, so the organization setup and ability can not meet the requirements of public service and social management function.Even in the performance of part of the social management responsibilities appear to be inconsistent with the relevant national policies.Therefore, in order to realize the comprehensive reform of the meteorological organizations at the county level, it is necessary to set out clearly the functional orientation and the responsibilities of the departments, to strengthen the orientation of science and technology and the basic social welfare undertakings and to strengthen the competent meteorological work agencies of the people's governments at the same level.Organize and develop meteorological basic business, public meteorological service and the positioning of meteorological social management function, and take meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation as the primary task.At the same time, in order to avoid each county bureau doing its own work, it is necessary to unify the overall ideas and principles of reform throughout the province, formulate detailed and feasible implementation plans, and reasonably set up institutions and corresponding post responsibilities according to the functions of the departments.Multiple channels to solve the staffing and funding problems, so that county meteorological agencies can legally and efficiently perform their duties.
【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P4-2

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