论我国公共政策制定中的程序正义

发布时间：2018-04-24 17:40

本文选题：公共政策 + 政策制定　；参考：《中南民族大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：公共政策是政府管理社会公共事务的首要环节和重要基础，是法定权威机构为实现特定目标而对社会资源和社会价值进行分配的过程，是实现政治目的及行政任务的核心载体，更是社会正义得以实现的重要途径。公共政策科学自20世纪50年代诞生以来对世界各国公共管理的理论和实践活动产生了重大影响。我国政策实践源远流长，但是理论研究相对落后，真正从理论意义上研究公共政策则始于20世纪80年代，随着研究的不断深入，我国学者逐渐对公共政策的发展有了自己独特的见解，对我国公共政策科学化和民主化的发展作出了重要贡献。我国目前正处于社会转型的关键期，各种社会矛盾和问题呈现出复杂性、尖锐性和综合性等特点，这就使得政策目标不得不更具多元化和综合性，如何在各种利益之间取得平衡，确保政策得以顺利执行，日渐成为当今政策科学研究的重要课题。笔者从法学领域的程序正义理论的视角出发，以政策制定程序为核心，重新审视公共政策制定过程中存在的问题，不仅有利于挖掘政策偏离公益的深层次原因，更能够为实现公共政策民主化、科学化、合法化提供有效的路径。笔者认为，我国公共政策制定中存程序正义问题的解决主要应从两个方面入手：一是从决策信息收集的方式入手，二是从政策制定的具体过程入手，，保证决策信息得到有效利用。研究表明，目前我国政策制定中的程序问题主要包括：信息收集方式存在弊端、政策听证制度不完善、政策议程的公众议程不受重视、政策制定程序环节缺失以及有程序不依的情况比较严重等几个方面。究其原因主要是由于获取完备信息的高昂成本、决策体制及决策参与者自身因素的限制、公众与政府沟通困难及缺乏有效的监督和问责机制等。我们可以通过完善信息收集方式的公平性、完善政策听证制度、建立和完善民意表达机制及建立有效的监督与问责机制等措施来完善公共政策制定的程序正义，以维护公共利益，实现公共政策制定程序的科学化、民主化和合法化。
[Abstract]:Public policy is the primary link and important foundation for the government to manage the social public affairs. It is the process for the legal authority to distribute the social resources and social values in order to achieve the specific goals. It is also the core carrier to realize the political goals and administrative tasks. It is also an important way to realize social justice. The science of public policy has had a great impact on the theory and practice of public management in the world since its birth in the 1950s. The policy practice of our country has a long history, but the theoretical research is relatively backward. The study of public policy in the theoretical sense began in the 1980s, with the continuous deepening of the research. Chinese scholars gradually have their own unique views on the development of public policy and have made important contributions to the development of scientific and democratic public policy in our country. At present, our country is in a critical period of social transformation. Various social contradictions and problems are characterized by complexity, sharpness and comprehensiveness, which make the policy objectives more diversified and comprehensive. How to balance the interests and ensure the smooth implementation of the policy has become an important subject of policy science research. From the perspective of procedural justice theory in the field of law, the author reexamines the problems existing in the process of public policy formulation by taking the policy making procedure as the core, which is not only conducive to excavating the deep reasons for the deviation of policy from the public good. It can also provide an effective way to realize the democratization, science and legalization of public policy. The author believes that the solution to the problem of procedural justice in the formulation of public policy in our country should start from two aspects: one is from the way of collecting decision-making information, the other is from the concrete process of policy making. Make sure that the decision information is used effectively. The research shows that at present, the procedural problems in the policy making in China mainly include: the malpractice of information collection, the imperfection of the policy hearing system, and the lack of attention to the public agenda of the policy agenda. The policy-making procedure link lacks and has the procedure not to follow the situation to be quite serious and so on several aspects. The main reasons are the high cost of obtaining complete information, the restriction of decision-making system and decision participants, the difficulty of communication between the public and the government, and the lack of effective supervision and accountability mechanism. We can perfect the procedural justice of public policy by perfecting the fairness of information collection, perfecting the system of policy hearing, establishing and perfecting the mechanism of public opinion expression and establishing effective supervision and accountability mechanism. In order to safeguard the public interest, realize the scientific, democratization and legalization of the public policy making procedure.
【学位授予单位】：中南民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D630

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