我国海上执法管理体制改革创新研究

发布时间：2018-05-15 20:41

本文选题：管理体制 + 海上执法　；参考：《华南理工大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：党的十七大报告提出要加大政府机构整合力度，探索实行职能有机统一的大部门体制，着力解决各级政府部门机构重叠、政出多门、职责交叉等问题。中央“十二五”规划纲要中再次明确，要继续优化政府结构、行政层级、职能责任，大力推进“大部门”体制改革，，加快建立法治政府和服务型政府。我国现行的海上行政执法体制来源于计划经济，经历了分散管理、海军统管和行业管理等阶段，在1998年政府机构改革基础上逐步形成，基本特征是以国家海洋局海监总队、农业部渔政部门、交通部海事局、公安边防海警部队、海关缉私部门等几大职能机构构成的分散型行业管理体制。各部门分兵把口，各执其法，长期形成“多龙治水”、“群龙闹海”的局面，从上到下众多涉海部门，各有各的职责和权限范围，职能重复与缺位并存，对内难以公正执法，对外不能形成整体合力，在海洋执法中处于一种被动、无力、难作为的状态。随着海洋经济的发展，我国现行的海上执法体制已经也不能适应海洋权益保护、海洋治安维护、海洋资源管理、海洋经济发展的要求，现有的海上执法队伍难以承担起海洋综合执法重任，改革现有的海上执法管理体制、统一海上执法队伍已成为海洋执法管理的迫切要求。本文立足海上执法管理体制改革创新理论的基础上，简要介绍了行政体制改革、海洋综合管理、海上行政执法等相关概念与国外典型的海上执法管理模式，阐述与总结了他国经验对我国的启示，分析了我国海上执法管理体制的主要问题及原因；进一步结合我国政府管理创新以及行政管理体制改革的趋势，运用公共管理理论、行政体制改革理论、海洋行政执法理论的观点，深入论述了我国现行海上执法和管理体制存在的问题和弊端，以及改革创新的必要性和可行性，提出了改革措施和对策，通过建立海洋综合管理体制，整合现有的海上执法队伍，组建中国海岸警卫队，完善海洋法律法规体系，逐步健全和完善适合我国国情、有利于进一步加强和改进海上执法管理的新体制，更加有效地维护我国海洋权益，保护海洋环境和资源。
[Abstract]:The report of the Seventeenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposes to strengthen the integration of government organs, explore the implementation of a large department system with organic unity of functions, and focus on solving the problems of overlapping of government departments at all levels, various branches of government, and overlapping responsibilities. In the outline of the 12th Five-Year Plan of the Central Committee, it is clear once again that it is necessary to continue to optimize the government structure, administrative levels, and functional responsibilities, vigorously promote the reform of the system of "large departments", and speed up the establishment of a government ruled by law and a service-oriented government. The current maritime administrative law enforcement system of our country comes from the planned economy and has experienced the stages of decentralized management, naval command and trade management, and has been gradually formed on the basis of the reform of government agencies in 1998. The basic feature is that the State Oceanic Administration Marine Surveillance General team is the basic feature. The decentralized management system of agriculture and fishery administration department, maritime affairs bureau of communications ministry, public security frontier defense and maritime police force, customs anti-smuggling department, etc. Each department is divided into arms, each enforcing its laws, and the situation of "more dragons governing the waters" and "groups of dragons making a scene of the sea" has formed for a long time. From the top to the bottom, many departments involved in the sea each have their own responsibilities and competence, the duplication of functions and the absence of their functions coexist, and it is difficult to enforce the law impartially within the country. Outside can not form the whole force, in the ocean law enforcement in a passive, powerless, difficult state. With the development of marine economy, the current maritime law enforcement system in our country has been unable to meet the requirements of the protection of marine rights and interests, the maintenance of marine public order, the management of marine resources and the development of marine economy. It is difficult for the existing maritime law enforcement team to undertake the important task of marine comprehensive law enforcement, and to reform the existing maritime law enforcement management system, and to unify the maritime law enforcement team has become an urgent requirement of marine law enforcement management. Based on the reform and innovation theory of maritime law enforcement management system, this paper briefly introduces the related concepts such as administrative system reform, marine comprehensive management, maritime administrative law enforcement and foreign typical maritime law enforcement management mode. This paper expounds and summarizes the enlightenment of the experiences of other countries to our country, analyzes the main problems and reasons of our maritime law enforcement management system, further combines the innovation of our government management and the trend of the reform of the administrative management system, and applies the theory of public management. From the point of view of administrative system reform theory and marine administrative law enforcement theory, this paper deeply discusses the problems and drawbacks of the current maritime law enforcement and management system in China, as well as the necessity and feasibility of reform and innovation, and puts forward the reform measures and countermeasures. Through the establishment of a comprehensive marine management system, the integration of existing maritime law enforcement teams, the establishment of the China Coast Guard, the improvement of the marine laws and regulations system, and the gradual improvement and improvement of China's national conditions, It is beneficial to further strengthen and improve the new system of maritime law enforcement and management, to protect the marine rights and interests of our country more effectively, and to protect the marine environment and resources.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D922.1

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