官僚制视阈下公共政策执行力研究

发布时间：2018-06-03 00:20

本文选题：官僚制 + 公共政策　；参考：《西南政法大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：官僚，人们用充满蔑视的神情说出这个词，到处被人们说成是一群慵懒、无能、走歪门邪道甚至是充满危机的人。1人们常常把官僚制与浪费、拖延、保守、形式主义联系起来，谈到官僚或官僚制时似乎总是对其怀有某种根深蒂固的憎恨与偏见，甚至以官僚、官僚制度为公共行政领域的一大顽疾不可除之而后快也可沦为众矢之的。但当此种看法似乎与行政学之最新潮理念相切合而令以上持论者沾沾自喜时，作为理性的公共行政学研究者，我们万不可人云亦云、不假思索地动用看似光鲜的理论来轻易武装自己。我想，这也不是我们治学应有的态度与觉悟。随着近代现社会的到来，经济高速发展，科技突飞猛进，伴随着资本主义的兴起，市民阶层的大量出现，社会的治理结构发生了重大变化。官僚或官僚制理论正是发源于近代工业前社会向工业社会的过度阶段，尽管其理论渊源来自于政治行政二分法，也由于过分强调管理过程中的工具理性而忽略行政执行中的价值理性受到后来理论的批判，但是以官僚制为源头，在其基础上抽象出的官僚或官僚制理性总是能与现代公共行政学始终不渝的价值追求（例如效率、低成本等）相适应，从此种意义上讲，我们也不可以对官僚制理论作出以上简单化的理解。更何况，官僚制无论是在传统的公共行政领域还是在以新理论范式为指导的现代公共管理中都起到过不可代替的作用，并将长期为现代社会公共政策的执行贡献力量。在传统的政治行政二分理论遭到解构之时，尽管当前在公共行政学理论界和实务中，针对官僚制的批判也是不一而足，但是不可否认的是没有哪一种新型理论是立足于完全抛弃官僚制理论的立场上来构建其理论根基，充其量也只是对理性官僚制对现代社会适应性问题的修正，同时，以上理论完全可以成为我们改造并完善官僚制理论的理由。调试后理性官僚制理论也将更好地服务于现代公共行政管理，服务于人类社会发展的现代性进程。本文正是立意于此，在重新厘清多方理论对官僚制度批判的基础上，试图说明在工具理性和价值理性取得平衡之时，官僚制会对大幅提高公共行政的效率，大幅提升公共政策执行力。同时，本论文仅围绕公共行政及公共政策执行的一般原理来推导完善官僚制和提高公共政策执行力的路径，鉴于我国当前的行政学理论界对中国政府行政管理体制的研究能否延用官僚制理论的一般原理作为分析工具，似乎并没有达成共识。因此在此作者也采取较为审慎的态度，毕竟中国的政府管理体制有其自身的特点，官僚制理论产生的土壤也在域外，，我们万不可简单照搬。如果此文能引起诸君在此向面的点滴思考，那么于笔者而言也算做了一件有意义的事了。
[Abstract]:Bureaucrats, people say this word with a look of disdain, and everywhere they say it is a group of lazy, incompetent, sinister and even crisis-ridden people who often associate bureaucracy with waste, procrastination, conservatism, formalism, When it comes to bureaucracy or bureaucracy, it always seems to have some kind of deep-rooted hatred and prejudice against it. Even bureaucrats are regarded as a serious problem in the field of public administration. But when such a view seems to coincide with the latest ideas of administration and makes the above commentators complacent, as rational researchers of public administration, we must not copy others. It is easy to arm yourself with seemingly glossy theories without thinking. I think this is not the attitude and consciousness that we should have in our study. With the arrival of modern society, the rapid development of economy, the rapid development of science and technology, with the rise of capitalism, the emergence of a large number of civil class, the social governance structure has undergone major changes. The theory of bureaucracy or bureaucracy originated in the transitional period from the modern pre-industrial society to the industrial society, although its theoretical origin came from the dichotomy of political administration. Because too much emphasis is placed on the instrumental rationality in the management process and the value rationality in the administrative execution is ignored, it is criticized by the later theories, but the bureaucratic system is the source. The bureaucrat or bureaucratic rationality abstracted on its basis can always be adapted to the unswerving pursuit of value (such as efficiency, low cost, etc.) in modern public administration. Nor can we make such a simplistic understanding of bureaucratic theory. Moreover, bureaucracy plays an irreplaceable role in both the traditional public administration field and the modern public administration guided by the new theoretical paradigm, and will contribute to the implementation of public policies in modern society for a long time. When the traditional dichotomy theory of political administration was deconstructed, although in the field of theory and practice of public administration, criticism of bureaucracy was numerous. But it is undeniable that no new theory is based on completely abandoning the bureaucratic theory to build its theoretical foundation. At best, it is only a revision to the adaptation of rational bureaucracy to the modern society, at the same time, The above theory can become the reason for us to reform and perfect the bureaucracy theory. The theory of rational bureaucracy after debugging will also serve the modern public administration and the development of human society. On the basis of redefining the critique of bureaucracy in various theories, this paper tries to explain that bureaucracy will greatly improve the efficiency of public administration when the balance between instrumental rationality and value rationality is achieved. Public policy execution will be greatly improved. At the same time, this paper only around the general principles of public administration and public policy implementation to derive the path to improve the bureaucracy and improve the implementation of public policies. In view of the fact that the current study of Chinese government administration system in the field of administrative theory can use the general principles of bureaucracy as an analytical tool, there seems to be no consensus. Therefore, the author also takes a more prudent attitude here. After all, China's government management system has its own characteristics, and the soil produced by the bureaucratic theory is also outside the country, so we must not simply copy it. If this article can cause the monarch to think in this direction, it is a meaningful thing for the writer.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D63

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