城镇化背景下拆迁安置社区养老服务体系创新研究

发布时间：2018-07-09 19:26

本文选题：养老服务体系 + 城镇化　；参考：《西南财经大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着老年人口的激增,中国迎来了老龄化时代。在空巢化、家庭规模小型化的双重作用下,传统家庭养老难以支撑庞大的老年人口,使得老年人对于养老服务的需求与日俱增。如何老有所养、老有所乐成为中国最受关注的问题之一。近年来,中国政府高度关注民生问题,把保障和改善民生作为政府工作的重点来加以解决,越来越多的惠民措施得以实施,养老服务体系建设也提上日程。随着中国城镇化进程,城镇周边的城乡结合部逐步由农村变为城市,政府统一对失地农民进行集中安置,进而形成了一个个拆迁安置社区。这些失地农民因为城市的发展而改变了身份：从农民变成了城市居民。拆迁安置社区是农村社区到城市社区的一个中间状态,在这样的社区中居民处于身份转变、生活方式转变的适应期,并且由于这些社区中人口数量庞大,老人数量尤为突出,开展相应的养老服务工作是这种社区工作的重点。随着老人的养老方式从土地养老到社会养老的转变,相关社区等政府部门面临了不小的考验：一方面要提高全社会的养老服务意识,另一方面要建立起多元化的养老服务体系。本文立足于拆迁安置社区的养老服务,希望通过本文的研究,进而探讨这样一系列问题：现行的拆迁安置社区的养老服务供给情况如何,有什么经验及教训,并且如何根据国内相关城市社区的养老服务经验,建立拆迁安置社区的养老服务体系。论文包含了三部分,分别是养老服务体系建设的理论、动力与历史路径、实地调研分析以及今后的相关建议。第一部分,本文对社区养老服务体系建设的相关理论进行了详细说明,主要从三个方面进行讨论：其一,福利多元主义,该理论从福利提供的主体上提出社会福利提供应该由多元主体共同承担,政府并不是福利提供唯一主体,通过多元主体参与可以保证福利的持续供给以及质量；其二,嵌入理论提出任何制度的建立都应该嵌入到一定的社会、经济之中,不能架空于实际情况,在嵌入理论指导下的养老服务体系建设要因地制宜、因时制宜；其三,新公共管理理论对政府机构的管理方法提出改进意见,批评了政府的官僚主义作风,提出政府机构应该以满足人民的实际需求为目标,提高工作效率,引入竞争机制,放开相关权限。拆迁安置社区的养老服务体系建设将在这三种理论的指导下进行。第二部分主要讨论了拆迁安置社区养老服务体系建设中的动力与历史路径演变。首先,在人口老龄化、城镇化、传统养老方式危机的三重作用导致原有的养老方式不再适应现有中国的实际情况的大背景下,本文从一般城市社区养老服务体系建设入手,讨论社区养老服务体系建设的动力。其次,通过对中国养老服务体系建设的历史路径进行分析,以历史的眼光正视中国近年来社区服务、养老服务方面的经验教训,总结了养老服务发展的几种路径：政府主导路径、社会化路径和合并路径,并通过对三种路径的解释与案例分析,找出三种路径发展和改革的因素,最终本文得出合并路径是符合中国现有条件的最佳路径。第三部分本文采取了实地调研的方式展开,采用了问卷法和访问法,通过对一个典型拆迁安置社区的调查,分别从社区等相关服务供给方和老年居民需求方两个方面展开,试图挖掘这个拆迁安置社区现有养老服务的经验教训,并找出问题所在。根据调查结果分析,结合相关理论,本文最后提出相应的政策建议。针对社区养老服务研究的文献很多,但关于拆迁安置社区的养老服务模式的研究还很少,大多数拆迁安置社区的养老服务还处于试点阶段。无论是城市社区还是农村社区的养老服务体系建设,都还未形成能向全国推广的成功模式。本文创新地选择拆迁安置社区的养老服务体系为研究对象,虽然现实中还存在许多障碍因素,但理论层面的探讨是实践应用的先行者。因此,本文通过理论探讨和实践案例分析两方面努力,希望能够通过理论的探讨,结合实际案例分析,可以为中国拆迁安置社区的养老服务体系建设提供一种行动路径。
[Abstract]:With the surge of the elderly population , China is facing an aging era . Under the double effect of cavitation and miniaturization of family size , the traditional family pension is difficult to support the huge old people ' s mouth , so that the old people become one of China ' s most concerned problems . In recent years , the Chinese government has paid great attention to the livelihood issues , has solved the security and improve the livelihood of the people as the focus of the government work , and more and more of the people ' s livelihood measures have been implemented , and the construction of the old - care service system is also put on the agenda .

With the process of urbanization in China , the urban and rural areas around town are gradually changed from countryside to city , and the government unified the resettlement of the lost land farmers , thus forming a resettlement community . The resettlement community is an intermediate state of the rural community to the urban community . In this way , the residents are in an intermediate state of their identity transformation and life style .

This paper is based on the old - age service of resettlement community , hoping to explore a series of problems : how to supply the old - age service in the current resettlement community , what experiences and lessons can be learned , and how to establish the old - age service system for the resettlement community according to the experience of the old - age service in the domestic relevant city community . The paper contains three parts : the theory , the power and the historical path , the field investigation and analysis and the relevant suggestions in the future .

In the first part , this paper gives a detailed explanation of the relevant theories of community - based pension service system construction , mainly from three aspects : first , welfare pluralism , the theory proposed from the main body of the welfare provision should be borne by the multi - element body , the government is not the only main body for the welfare , and the continuous supply and the quality of the welfare can be ensured through the participation of the multiple subjects ;
Second , the embedding theory suggests that the establishment of any system should be embedded in a certain social and economic situation , cannot be raised in the actual situation , and the construction of the old - age service system under the guidance of embedded theory should be adapted to the local conditions .
Third , the new public administration theory puts forward the improvement opinions on the management methods of the government agencies , criticized the government ' s bureaucratic style of work , put forward that the government agencies should aim at meeting the actual needs of the people , improve the work efficiency , introduce the competition mechanism and release the relevant authorities . The construction of the old - age service system in the resettlement community will be conducted under the guidance of these three theories .

The second part mainly discusses the evolution of the dynamic and historical path in the construction of the old - age service system in the resettlement community . First , based on the analysis of the historical path of the old - age service system in China , this paper analyzes the historical path of the old - age service system , and summarizes several paths for the development of the old - age service system : the government - led path , the socialization path and the merging path , and finds out the three kinds of path development and reform factors through the explanation and case analysis of the three paths . Finally , the author concludes that the merging path is the best path which meets the existing conditions of China .

In the third part , the investigation of the field investigation is carried out , and the questionnaire method and the access method are adopted . Through the investigation of a typical resettlement community , the paper tries to find out the experiences and lessons of the existing old - age service in the community , and find out the problem . According to the analysis of the findings and the relevant theories , the paper puts forward the corresponding policy recommendations .

In view of the many literatures of community - based pension service research , the research on the old - age service model of resettlement community is very few , and the old - age service system in most resettlement communities is still in the pilot phase . In spite of many obstacles in the construction of the old - age service system in the urban community and the rural community , this paper tries to explore the old - age service system of the resettlement community .
【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D669.6

【参考文献】