基层服务型政府建设及完善路径研究

发布时间：2018-07-25 20:06

【摘要】：服务型政府理论是由中国提出这一概念但源自于西方国家理论基础的重要理论形式，服务型政府是一种先进的现代政府形式，是我国政府改革的主要目标。我国经济转型、社会转型使得社会对政府行政方式改进的需求增加，因此对服务型政府的讨论就显得极其重要。就现有的研究成果来看，我国目前对服务型政府的研究大多是在理论层面，并且主要是对西方国家服务型政府理论的分析与借鉴；或是基于理论进行的个案研究，而缺乏一套适合于大多数政府的服务型政府理论，针对基层服务型政府的文献则更为稀缺。基层服务型政府建设不是一个单一的问题，需要借鉴西方国家的先进经验，并结合我国社会发展的实际和需要具体问题具体分析，避免基层服务型政府建设过程中的盲目性与不切合实际性，从而保障基层服务型政府建设工作的顺利进行。本选题对基层服务型政府建设的相关理论进行了梳理与归纳，对我国基层服务型政府建设目前取得的成绩与依然存在的不足之处进行了分析，并根据我国基层服务型政府建设中现存的问题，提出了我国建设基层服务型政府的可操作化路径。本文的主要内容共分为三大部分。第一大部分论述了基层服务型政府的历史演变过程及其理论基础，分别从其在国外的产生以及在我国的发展过程等方面，提出我国基层服务型政府建设的必要性。在历史上，政府的管理类型经历了统治型、管制型和服务型三个大的阶段，每个阶段都有其独特性与当时存在的一定合理性，但服务型的政府管理类型才是最先进、最符合人类发展过程的政府形式。在理论基础方面，主要从比较典型的政府公共性理论、新公共管理理论、新公共服务理论以及治理理论四个理论层面分析了服务型政府的理论溯源，并解析了上述理论在服务型政府理论中的融合情况。第二大部分主要分析了我国基层服务型政府建设工作的进展情况，首先对基层服务型政府建设取得的成绩给予了肯定，我国基层政府服务内容不断深化、服务的方式也逐渐优良化、服务主体也不再仅仅局限于政府，逐渐多元，政府管制不断减弱，服务性逐渐增强。尽管基层服务型政府在建设过程中取得了优异的成绩，但是仍然存在着众多不足，基层政府绩效评估体系仍然不规范，绩效评估主体只有上级党政部门承担，缺乏一套科学的评估指标，缺失一套完整的理论体系；基层政府职能转变不到位；基层政府公共服务能力有限；基层政府信息化建设程度较低等问题较为突出。第三部分根据我国目前基层服务型政府建设中实际存在的问题与困境，提出了相对应的解决对策。首先是要构建科学合理的基层政府绩效评估制度，主要包括评估主体多元化、评估指标科学化以及理论体系丰富化三个方面；其次是进一步转变基层政府职能，要继续推进行政审批制度改革，进一步推行政府与企业组织、与事业单位以及政府与社会之间的分离，提高基层政府公共服务水平，并且要促进公共服务的均等化；最后是要提高基层政府的公共服务能力，主要从提高其财政能力、提高公务人员的公共服务能力等方面进行提升，并且要加强基层政府信息化建设，提高信息化服务水平。基层政府在我国地方政府中占据着极其重要的位置，属于政策执行链中的最底端，也因此能够最先接收到社会的反馈信息，并能够了解社会公众的最新需求，从而才能够为社会公众提供所需的公共产品或服务。基层服务型政府建设是新时代的要求，，也是我国政府进行改革，彻底实现服务型政府建设的必经之路。只有意识到不足之处，并且对症下药，才能确保基层服务型政府建设有条不紊的进行。但由于本文所做的并不是个案分析，虽然文中涉及到某些基层政府的具体问题，但并没有深入细致地对某一个或几个基层服务型政府建设的情况进行调查，而只是做出了一般性的分析，虽然这样能够突破局部个案的局限性，有利于对一般性问题的研究，但在具体的细致性的研究方面还可以进一步提升。
[Abstract]:The theory of service-oriented government is an important theoretical form that China puts forward this concept but derives from the theoretical basis of the western countries. The service-oriented government is an advanced modern government form. It is the main goal of the reform of our government. The discussion of the type government appears extremely important. As far as the existing research results are concerned, the research on the service-oriented government is mostly at the theoretical level, and it is mainly the analysis and reference to the theory of the service-oriented government in the western countries, or the case study based on the theory, and the lack of a set of services suitable for most governments. The government theory, the literature of the grass-roots service government is more scarce. The construction of grass-roots service government is not a single problem. It needs to learn from the advanced experience of the western countries, and combine the actual and specific analysis of the needs of the social development of our country, so as to avoid the blind and unrealistic of the construction process of the grass-roots service government. In order to ensure the smooth progress of the construction work of the grass-roots service type government, this paper reviews and summarizes the relevant theories of the construction of grass-roots service-oriented government, and analyses the achievements and the still shortcomings of the grass-roots service-oriented government construction in our country, and according to the construction of the grass-roots service type government in our country. The existing problems put forward the operable path of building a grass-roots service-oriented government in China.
The main contents of this article are divided into three parts.
The first part expounds the historical evolution process and the theoretical basis of the grass-roots service type government, and puts forward the necessity of the construction of the grass-roots service type government from the emergence of foreign countries and the development process of our country respectively. In history, the management types of the government have experienced three major stages of the rule type, the control type and the service type. Each stage has its own uniqueness and certain rationality at the time, but the type of government management is the most advanced and most consistent with the process of human development. On the basis of the theory, the four theories are mainly from the typical public theory of government, the theory of new public management, the theory of new public service and the theory of governance. This paper analyzes the theoretical origin of service-oriented government and analyzes the integration of the above theories in service-oriented government theory.
The second part mainly analyzes the progress of the construction work of the grass-roots service type government in our country. First, it affirms the achievements made by the grass-roots service-oriented government. The service content of the grass-roots government is deepening, the way of service is gradually fine, and the service subject is not only limited to the government, gradually pluralism and government control. As the basic service government has achieved excellent results in the process of construction, there are still many shortcomings. The performance evaluation system of the grass-roots government is still not standardized. The main body of performance evaluation is undertaken only by the party and government departments at the higher level, lack of a set of scientific evaluation indicators and a complete set of theoretical bodies. The basic government function transformation is not in place; the grass-roots government's public service capacity is limited, and the grass-roots government's information construction degree is relatively low.
In the third part, according to the existing problems and difficulties in the construction of grass-roots service type government in China, the corresponding countermeasures are put forward. The first is to build a scientific and rational performance evaluation system for the grass-roots government, including the diversification of the evaluation subjects, the scientific evaluation index and the enrichment of the theoretical system in three aspects. To change the functions of the grass-roots government in one step, we should continue to promote the reform of the administrative examination and approval system, further promote the separation of government and enterprise organizations, the institutions and the government and the society, improve the level of public service at the grass-roots level, and promote the equalization of public services; finally, it is necessary to improve the public service capacity of the grass-roots government. We should improve its financial capability and improve the public service capacity of public servants, and strengthen the informatization construction of the grass-roots government and improve the level of information service.
The grass-roots government occupies an extremely important position in the local government of our country. It belongs to the bottom of the policy implementation chain, and it can be the first to receive the feedback information of the society, and can understand the latest needs of the public, so that it can provide the public products or services for the public. The construction of the grass-roots service government is new. The requirements of the times are also the only way for the government to carry out reform and complete the construction of the service-oriented government. Only by realizing the shortcomings and taking the remedy to the case, we can ensure the orderly construction of the grass-roots service government. But because this article is not a case analysis, it involves some specific grass-roots governments. But there is no deep and meticulous investigation of the construction of one or several grass-roots service-oriented governments, but only a general analysis is made. Although this can break through the limitations of local cases, it is beneficial to the study of general problems, but it can be further promoted in the specific and detailed research.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D630.1

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