旅游目的地治理中的公众参与机制研究
发布时间：2018-08-19 15:48
【摘要】：目前,我国民主政治建设、立法推动、战略推进、政府职能转变以及各级政府旅游行政部门的实践已经为旅游目的地治理中公众参与奠定了基础。但是,其理论构建和实践机制还不完善。基于此,本文引入新公共管理理论、治理理论、公众参与理论等对旅游目的地治理中的公众参与机制进行研究,并结合案例调研结果提出相应的实践框架。 通过对国内外旅游目的地治理研究和公众参与旅游目的地公共事务研究相关文献的综述,并根据上述相关理论,本文界定了旅游目的地公共事务、旅游目的地治理、旅游目的地治理中的公众参与等概念及其内涵。在此基础上,本文提出旅游目的地治理中的公众参与机制要包括动力机制、实现机制、保障机制三个方面。 具体来说,旅游目的地治理中公众参与的动力机制是基于公众与政府双重视角的,由推力机制和拉力机制共同构成的整体性机制。其中,推力机制包括旅游业地位的提高、目的地公众参与意识的强化、目的地公众需求表达和整合的需要等五个因素；拉力机制包括目的地发展环境的复杂性、目的地公共事务的广泛性、目的地内外部平衡发展的需要、政府职能转变及其对公众参与的需要等八个因素,而旅游目的地治理的4E(经济、效率、效能、公平)目标和旅游目的地可持续发展则兼具推力与拉力之双重动力。 旅游目的地治理中公众参与的实现机制是一个由参与主体、客体、层次、方式、过程、结果共六个维度构成的整合性机制,其有效实施包括参与选择、参与过程、参与结果三个方面。首先,参与主体包括居民、社区组织、旅游企业、旅游从业人员、旅游者、非政府组织、教育机构、研究机构、媒体、专家学者等；参与客体(游目的地公共事务)包括旅游立法与执法、旅游政策制定与实施、旅游规划制定与实施、目的地品牌化等18类；参与层次包括告知、咨询、民意支持、资源支持、协作(协商／合作)、授权、公众自主,并可划分为低度、中度、深度三个综合性层次；参与方式有政府信息公开、关键公众接触、名义小组、共同生产等40多种。针对参与选择的有效实施,本文根据旅游目的地公共事务的专业性程度、公众支持的重要性程度、时间限制程度三个维度,基于与之相应的7个问题提出了“基于参与选择的旅游目的地治理中公众参与实现机制实施模型”。进一步来看,旅游目的地治理中公众参与的过程是一个持续性进程,其有效实施的核心要素是全程性参与、公平性参与、参与程序合法、政府有效回应。而旅游目的地治理中公众参与的结果则是以4E目标的实现为核心,涵盖公众输出与输入、政府输入与输出及它们之间的互动机制。 旅游目的地治理中公众参与的保障机制涉及到参与型政治文化构建、服务型政府建设、公众参与能力提升、制度供给、有效的激励机制等。其中政治文化是基础,其他几个方面则是激发并使公众保持参与热情的保障。 在上述研究基础上,本文选择山东省“文化圣地、度假天堂”旅游品牌的重要依托城市——青岛市、济宁市及其所下辖的中国优秀旅游城市即墨市、曲阜市、邹城市为案例,对当地旅游行政部门工作人员和个体公众中的居民进行自填问卷式调查,并利用SPSS19.0软件对调研数据统计与分析。调研结果表明,当地旅游目的地公共事务执行主要需要公众的深度参与和中度参与；参与过程中全程性参与、公平性参与、参与程序提前取得公众认可为公众所重视;政府人员看重政府输入和4E目标实现等参与结果,而公众则关注对实际参与过程的感知满意及表达权范畴的参与结果；当地公众的权利意识已经形成,但是其公共精神不足,他们接受公众参与知识教育培训和接受组织化参与的意愿尚需强化;政府人员已经认可公众参与旅游公共事务,并正在积极推动政府信息公开,但是当地公众参与旅游公共事务的制度供给不足；公众依次看重对参与结果的影响力、政府提供便利条件、经济报酬／补偿、奖励等激励手段。 本文基于旅游目的地整体层面创新性提出了由动力机制、实现机制、保障机制构成的旅游目的地治理中的公众参与机制,具体创新点主要有：1.引入公共管理等相关学科的理论,界定和阐释了在旅游目的地情境中公共事务、治理、公众参与、公众参与机制等相关概念及其内涵；2.突破以往研究中单纯工具性目标导向或价值性目标导向的研究思路,引入“推拉”理论,基于公众与政府的双重视角,提出了整合性的旅游目的地治理中公众参与的动力机制模型；3.超越以往研究中提出的单维度、三维度、四维度,首次构建了基于六维度的旅游目的地治理中公众参与实现机制模型;4.将托马斯的随机决策模型由两维度扩展为三维度,并对其中的具体实施步骤进行了修正与扩充,从而提出了兼顾公共决策性事务和公共行动性事务的公众参与实践框架。
[Abstract]:At present, the construction of democratic politics, the promotion of legislation, the promotion of strategy, the transformation of government functions and the practice of tourism administrative departments at all levels have laid a foundation for public participation in the governance of tourism destinations. This paper studies the mechanism of public participation in the governance of tourism destinations with the theory, and puts forward the corresponding practical framework based on the results of case study.
Based on the literature review of domestic and foreign research on tourism destination governance and public participation in public affairs of tourism destinations, this paper defines the concepts and connotations of tourism destination public affairs, tourism destination governance, and public participation in tourism destination governance. The mechanism of public participation in tourism destination governance should include three aspects: dynamic mechanism, realization mechanism and guarantee mechanism.
Specifically speaking, the dynamic mechanism of public participation in tourism destination governance is based on the dual perspectives of the public and the government, which is composed of the thrust mechanism and the pulling mechanism. The pulling mechanism includes eight factors: the complexity of destination development environment, the extensiveness of destination public affairs, the need for balanced development inside and outside the destination, the transformation of government functions and the need for public participation, and the 4E (economy, efficiency, efficiency, equity) goal of tourism destination governance and the sustainable development of tourism destination. Development has both thrust and pull.
The realization mechanism of public participation in tourism destination governance is an integrated mechanism consisting of six dimensions: participation subject, object, level, mode, process and result. Its effective implementation includes participation choice, participation process and participation result. Tourists, non-governmental organizations, educational institutions, research institutes, media, experts and scholars; participants (tourism destination public affairs) include tourism legislation and law enforcement, tourism policy formulation and implementation, tourism planning and implementation, destination branding and other 18 categories; participation levels include notification, consultation, public opinion support, resource support, collaboration (consultation). There are more than 40 forms of participation, such as government information disclosure, key public contacts, nominal groups, joint production and so on. Based on the three dimensions of degree and time limitation, this paper puts forward the implementation model of public participation mechanism in tourism destination governance based on participatory choice. Fair participation, legitimate participation procedures and effective government response are the core of public participation in tourism destination governance, which covers public output and input, government input and output and their interaction mechanism.
The guarantee mechanism of public participation in tourism destination governance involves the construction of participatory political culture, the construction of service-oriented government, the enhancement of public participation ability, the supply of system, and effective incentive mechanism.
On the basis of the above-mentioned research, this paper chooses Qingdao, Jining and their Chinese excellent tourist cities Jimo, Qufu and Zoucheng, which are the important relying cities of Shandong Province's "cultural holy land, holiday paradise" tourism brand, as examples to ask the local tourism administrative staff and the residents of the individual public. The results show that the implementation of public affairs in local tourist destinations mainly requires the deep and moderate participation of the public; full participation in the process of participation, fair participation, participation procedures in advance to obtain public recognition for public attention; government personnel attach importance to politics; The government input and the realization of the 4E goals are the results of participation, while the public is concerned about the perceived satisfaction of the actual participation process and the results of participation in the scope of the right of expression. Members have recognized public participation in tourism public affairs and are actively promoting government information disclosure, but the local public participation in tourism public affairs system is inadequate; the public in turn values the impact of participation results, the government provides convenient conditions, economic compensation / compensation, incentives and other incentives.
Based on the innovation of the whole level of tourism destination, this paper puts forward the public participation mechanism in the governance of tourism destination, which is composed of the dynamic mechanism, the realization mechanism and the guarantee mechanism. 2. Breaking through the previous research ideas of purely instrumental goal-oriented or value-oriented, introducing the "push-pull" theory, based on the dual attention of the public and the government, this paper puts forward a dynamic mechanism model of public participation in integrated tourism destination governance; 3. The single dimension, three dimension and four dimension proposed in the study firstly construct the realization mechanism model of public participation in tourism destination governance based on six dimension; 4. The Thomas stochastic decision model is expanded from two dimension to three dimension, and the concrete implementation steps are revised and expanded, thus putting forward the consideration of public decision-making. Public participation practice framework for public affairs and public affairs.
【学位授予单位】：南开大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F592.1
本文编号：2192121
[Abstract]:At present, the construction of democratic politics, the promotion of legislation, the promotion of strategy, the transformation of government functions and the practice of tourism administrative departments at all levels have laid a foundation for public participation in the governance of tourism destinations. This paper studies the mechanism of public participation in the governance of tourism destinations with the theory, and puts forward the corresponding practical framework based on the results of case study.
Based on the literature review of domestic and foreign research on tourism destination governance and public participation in public affairs of tourism destinations, this paper defines the concepts and connotations of tourism destination public affairs, tourism destination governance, and public participation in tourism destination governance. The mechanism of public participation in tourism destination governance should include three aspects: dynamic mechanism, realization mechanism and guarantee mechanism.
Specifically speaking, the dynamic mechanism of public participation in tourism destination governance is based on the dual perspectives of the public and the government, which is composed of the thrust mechanism and the pulling mechanism. The pulling mechanism includes eight factors: the complexity of destination development environment, the extensiveness of destination public affairs, the need for balanced development inside and outside the destination, the transformation of government functions and the need for public participation, and the 4E (economy, efficiency, efficiency, equity) goal of tourism destination governance and the sustainable development of tourism destination. Development has both thrust and pull.
The realization mechanism of public participation in tourism destination governance is an integrated mechanism consisting of six dimensions: participation subject, object, level, mode, process and result. Its effective implementation includes participation choice, participation process and participation result. Tourists, non-governmental organizations, educational institutions, research institutes, media, experts and scholars; participants (tourism destination public affairs) include tourism legislation and law enforcement, tourism policy formulation and implementation, tourism planning and implementation, destination branding and other 18 categories; participation levels include notification, consultation, public opinion support, resource support, collaboration (consultation). There are more than 40 forms of participation, such as government information disclosure, key public contacts, nominal groups, joint production and so on. Based on the three dimensions of degree and time limitation, this paper puts forward the implementation model of public participation mechanism in tourism destination governance based on participatory choice. Fair participation, legitimate participation procedures and effective government response are the core of public participation in tourism destination governance, which covers public output and input, government input and output and their interaction mechanism.
The guarantee mechanism of public participation in tourism destination governance involves the construction of participatory political culture, the construction of service-oriented government, the enhancement of public participation ability, the supply of system, and effective incentive mechanism.
On the basis of the above-mentioned research, this paper chooses Qingdao, Jining and their Chinese excellent tourist cities Jimo, Qufu and Zoucheng, which are the important relying cities of Shandong Province's "cultural holy land, holiday paradise" tourism brand, as examples to ask the local tourism administrative staff and the residents of the individual public. The results show that the implementation of public affairs in local tourist destinations mainly requires the deep and moderate participation of the public; full participation in the process of participation, fair participation, participation procedures in advance to obtain public recognition for public attention; government personnel attach importance to politics; The government input and the realization of the 4E goals are the results of participation, while the public is concerned about the perceived satisfaction of the actual participation process and the results of participation in the scope of the right of expression. Members have recognized public participation in tourism public affairs and are actively promoting government information disclosure, but the local public participation in tourism public affairs system is inadequate; the public in turn values the impact of participation results, the government provides convenient conditions, economic compensation / compensation, incentives and other incentives.
Based on the innovation of the whole level of tourism destination, this paper puts forward the public participation mechanism in the governance of tourism destination, which is composed of the dynamic mechanism, the realization mechanism and the guarantee mechanism. 2. Breaking through the previous research ideas of purely instrumental goal-oriented or value-oriented, introducing the "push-pull" theory, based on the dual attention of the public and the government, this paper puts forward a dynamic mechanism model of public participation in integrated tourism destination governance; 3. The single dimension, three dimension and four dimension proposed in the study firstly construct the realization mechanism model of public participation in tourism destination governance based on six dimension; 4. The Thomas stochastic decision model is expanded from two dimension to three dimension, and the concrete implementation steps are revised and expanded, thus putting forward the consideration of public decision-making. Public participation practice framework for public affairs and public affairs.
【学位授予单位】：南开大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F592.1
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