用户利用导向的开放政府数据研究

发布时间：2018-11-06 11:01

【摘要】：随着信息技术的不断发展,数字时代政府公共服务的提供和信息技术的使用紧密结合起来。政府部门在行政过程中生成、采集和保存了大量的数据,成为一个国家最主要的数据保有者。政府所保存的这些数据与公民的经济和社会生活息息相关。数字时代,政府利用信息技术向社会公众开放其所保有的数据,供社会进行增值和创新利用,创造社会价值。近年来,开放政府数据的实践在全世界范围内如火如荼地开展。对开放政府数据的研究发现,政府在开放数据的过程中只关注数据开放过程,却不关心数据如何被使用,因而开放政府数据的潜力和价值并没有得到真正的实现。本文以用户对开放政府数据的利用为导向,将信息管理领域的技术接受模型引入公共管理领域,并直接应用到开放政府数据的实践中,指出影响用户对开放政府数据利用的关键因素是：用户有用性认知和易用性认知,而用户有用性认知和易用性认知的直接来源是政府数据的有用性和易用性,从而提出了政府开放数据过程中的关键：即数据的有用性和易用性管理。本文将政府和用户作为开放政府数据过程中的两个关键利益相关方,政府数据开放过程和用户数据利用过程作为开放政府数据的两个主要阶段,利用系统动态学的方法,从理论层面构建了以用户利用为导向的开放政府数据的动态模型。在实证研究方面,将研究的侧重点放在对政府开放数据的有用性和易用性管理的分析上,并以纽约市和上海市的开放政府数据实践为案例,重点比较政府对数据的有用性和易用性管理,设计了13个观察指标,并分析影响开放政府数据有用性和易用性的关键因素。研究发现,积极的高层领导推动、立法和详细的实施计划、专业的组织机构团队、开放的政府文化传统和全面的用户反馈机制这五个因素是影响开放政府数据有用性和易用性的关键因素,从而为上海市开放政府数据有用性和易用性的发展提供借鉴。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of information technology, the provision of government public services and the use of information technology are closely combined in the digital age. Government departments generate, collect and preserve a large number of data in the administrative process, becoming the most important data holder in a country. The data kept by the government are closely related to the economic and social life of citizens. In the digital age, the government makes use of information technology to open up the data it holds to the public, for the society to add value, innovate and create social value. In recent years, the practice of open government data is in full swing around the world. The research on open government data shows that the government only pays attention to the process of open data, but does not care about how the data is used, so the potential and value of open government data have not been realized. Based on the user's use of open government data, this paper introduces the technology acceptance model in the field of information management into the field of public administration, and directly applies it to the practice of open government data. It is pointed out that the key factors influencing users' utilization of open government data are: user's perception of usefulness and ease of use, and the direct source of user's cognition of usefulness and ease of use is the usefulness and ease of use of government data. Thus, the key points in the process of government open data are put forward, that is, the usefulness and ease of use of data management. This paper takes the government and the user as the two key stakeholders in the process of open government data, the open process of government data and the process of using user data as the two main stages of open government data. The dynamic model of user-oriented open government data is constructed theoretically. In empirical research, the research focuses on the analysis of the usefulness and ease of use of open government data, and takes the practice of open government data in New York City and Shanghai as an example. This paper focuses on the comparison of the usefulness and ease of use of government data, designs 13 observation indexes, and analyzes the key factors that affect the usefulness and ease of use of open government data. The study found that active senior leadership driven, legislated and detailed implementation plans, professional organizational teams, The five factors of open government culture tradition and comprehensive user feedback mechanism are the key factors that affect the usability and usability of open government data, thus providing reference for the development of open government data availability and usability in Shanghai.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D035

【参考文献】