公共治理视阈下食品安全监管探析

发布时间：2019-04-02 00:13

【摘要】：食品作为人类生活的必需品,食品安全既是民生问题又是关系到社会稳定的问题。关系着广大人民群众的身体健康和生命安全。2012年“白酒塑化剂”事件,又将食品安全引入公众视野,在白酒行业产生连锁反应,国民经济和社会的稳定发展也因此遭受了严重的损害。近年来,针对食品安全问题,我国政府从立法、政策层面已初步建立起适合我国国情的食品安全监管体制机制,积极探索食品安全监管模式,特别是2013年3月新组建国家食品要监督管理总局,在食品安全监管领域探索“大部制”迈出了实质性的一步,社会公众期望能够结束“九龙治水”的不良局面,修正分段监管的弊端,能够在食品药品监管上做到无缝衔接,但现行体制机制未有创新,《食品安全法》总则中规定从国家到地方的监管职能和职责,实质上“分段监管”已经写入该法。食品安全的属性是公共物品,食品安全监管也是公共物品,具有非排他性和非竞争性,政府失灵、市场失灵是造成食品安全问题的主要原因之一。信息不对称,使社会公民在维权博弈中往往处于劣势,是造成食品安全问题的又一重要原因。因此,作为一种新型的公共行政理论,公共治理是应对传统行政模式危机的对策选择,并在从理论到实践的发展过程中,以一系列的制度创新构成公共治理的框架基础,为我国完善食品安全监管提供了新的路径选择。本研究主要从公共管理角度出发,构建多元主体参与食品安全治理的新模式,并对其运行机制探讨,本文结构如下：引言,阐述本文的选题背景及意义,国内外文献综述,确立本文的研究内容、研究方法及研究意义。第一章为食品安全监管的基本概念及理论依据；第二章以“白酒塑化剂”事件为例,从食品安全监管体制、法律法规和制度三个方面分析我国食品安全监管的现状和存在的问题进行了阐述,从政府机制、市场机制和社会机制三个层面对其原因进行了分析；第三章介绍了国外食品安全治理的经验,并提出了借鉴；第四部分基于公共治理理论的视角,从政府运作机制方面对策与措施、市场运作机制方面对策与措施、社会运作机制方面对策与措施三大方面提出我国食品安全治理完善路径选择；最后,结论部分对全文进行回顾和汇总。
[Abstract]:Food as a necessity of human life, food security is not only a people's livelihood, but also related to social stability. It has a bearing on the health and safety of the masses of the people. In 2012, the "Liquor plasticizer" incident introduced food safety into the public vision and produced a chain reaction in the liquor industry. As a result, the stable development of the national economy and society has suffered serious damage. In recent years, in view of the food safety problem, the Chinese government has initially established a food safety supervision system and mechanism suitable for our country's national conditions from the legislative and policy levels, and actively explored the food safety supervision mode. In particular, the newly established State Administration of Food Supervision and Administration in March 2013 has taken a substantive step in exploring the "large-scale system" in the field of food safety supervision, and the public expects that the bad situation of "nine dragons governing water" can be brought to an end. The shortcomings of amending subsection supervision can be seamlessly linked in food and drug supervision, but the existing system and mechanism have not been innovated. The General provisions of the Food Safety Law stipulate the functions and responsibilities of supervision from the state to the local level. Essentially "piecewise regulation" has been written into the law. The attribute of food safety is public goods, food safety supervision is also public goods, it is non-exclusive and non-competitive, government failure, market failure is one of the main causes of food safety problems. Asymmetric information makes social citizens often at a disadvantage in the game of rights protection, which is another important cause of food safety problems. Therefore, as a new type of public administration theory, public governance is the choice to deal with the crisis of traditional administrative mode. In the process of development from theory to practice, a series of institutional innovations constitute the framework basis of public governance. It provides a new way to perfect food safety supervision in our country. This research mainly from the public management angle, constructs the multi-subject to participate in the food safety management new model, and to its operation mechanism discussion, this article structure is as follows: introduction, elaborated this article topic background and the significance, domestic and foreign literature review, Establish the research content, research method and research significance of this paper. The first chapter is the basic concept and theoretical basis of food safety supervision; The second chapter analyzes the present situation and existing problems of food safety supervision in China from three aspects: food safety supervision system, laws, regulations and systems, taking the "Liquor plasticizer" incident as an example, and expounds from the government mechanism. The reasons are analyzed from three aspects: market mechanism and social mechanism. The third chapter introduces the experience of foreign food safety management, and puts forward the reference; The fourth part is based on the perspective of public governance theory, from the aspect of government operation mechanism countermeasures and measures, market operation mechanism countermeasures and measures, The countermeasures and measures in the aspect of social operation mechanism put forward the choice of the perfect path of food safety management in our country; Finally, the conclusion part reviews and summarizes the full text.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F203;D922.16

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