绩效管理在我国公共部门的适用性探究

发布时间：2018-01-24 12:00

本文关键词： 公共部门绩效管理绩效评估公共服务适用性　出处：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：20世纪80年代之后,在全球化、信息化的大时代背景下,西方发达国家中社会对公共部门工作效率与服务水平提出了新的要求,以政府为代表的公共部门为适应社会监督的要求,开始探索以"顾客导向"为原则的目标管理,掀起了一场声势浩荡的新公共管理和政府再造运动,重新定义了绩效和公共价值。绩效管理的方法从私人部门中被引入了公共部门,并将其看作提升公共部门管理水平和工作不可或缺的工具。各国在政府管理改革实践中也实现了公共服务的改进、社会资源的整合、政府行动力的强化等效果。在国际上,美国、英国公共部门绩效管理发展较为成熟,日本、韩国和澳大利亚也纷纷建立了适合各自国情的绩效管理制度,并走上了不同方向的发展之路。总体而言,公共部门绩效管理在全球化过程中具有一定的共性。绩效管理在西方兴起与普及后,从20世纪90年代之后在我国公共部门中也日益受到追捧。我国各类公共部门参照西方管理改革实践经验建立了一系列绩效管理体系,并取得了一定的成效。青岛、甘肃、深圳等各地市纷纷成为改革试点,创立了诸多富有特色的改革尝试。当前我国公共部门绩效管理的主要特点有目标与战略导向、绩效管理工具性、指标设置一致性、领导与组织体制专门化等。然而我国公共部门由于起步较晚,经验欠缺,理论推进缓慢。而中国历史文化与社会环境的独特性也使绩效管理在本土化适应过程中出现了一系列问题,如目标设置不合理、过于强调量化、公民导向不足、缺乏足够的监督机制等,进一步产生了降低了公共部门效率或削弱了公共服务职能等负面问题。另外,我国公共与国外在社会背景、制度基础等方面具有较大的差异性,且我国公共部门内部存在原生性的诱发原因。本文旨在探究绩效管理在中国公共部门环境背景下的使用性情况方面做出分析,并与国外的绩效管理应用情况做出比较,探究目前我国绩效管理问题出现的深层次原因,并尝试对我国公共部门绩效管理做出适应中国发展情况的改良。本文共分为六个章节。第一章介绍了绩效管理目前的国内外应用背景,评述了国内外理论与实践的研究现状,总结了本文的逻辑框架与研究方法;第二章界定了公共部门绩效管理的相关概念,列举了国外绩效管理的实例并总结全球公共部门绩效管理发展趋势,介绍了我国公共部门绩效管理现状,包括所经历的发展阶段与几种典型的绩效管理模式;第三章首先分析了我国公共部门绩效管理的特点,着重探讨我国实践过程中仍然存在的不足;第四章分析了我国政治制度环境与西方的差异,并对现存的问题分析深层次原因;第五章强调我国公共部门绩效管理所重视的价值理念,且根据前文中的问题与原因,提出针对性的可行的对策与建议;第六章为全文性的总结。
[Abstract]:After 1980s, under the background of globalization and information age, the society in the western developed countries put forward new demands on the efficiency and service level of the public sector. The public sector, represented by the government, began to explore the objective management based on the principle of "customer orientation" in order to meet the needs of social supervision, which set off a powerful new public management and government reengineering movement. Performance management is introduced from the private sector. As an indispensable tool to improve the management level and work of the public sector, countries have also realized the improvement of public services and the integration of social resources in the practice of government management reform. In the world, the performance management of the public sector in the United States and Britain is relatively mature, and Japan, South Korea and Australia have also established performance management systems suitable for their respective national conditions. In general, public sector performance management in the process of globalization has a certain degree of commonality. Performance management in the West after the rise and popularization. Since 1990s, it has been more and more popular in the public sector of our country. A series of performance management system has been established by various kinds of public sectors in our country, referring to the practical experience of western management reform. And achieved certain results. Qingdao, Gansu, Shenzhen and other cities have become pilot reform. At present, the main characteristics of the performance management of the public sector in China are objectives and strategic direction, performance management tools, indicators set consistent. However, due to the late start of the public sector in China, there is a lack of experience. The theory is advancing slowly, and the uniqueness of Chinese history, culture and social environment makes performance management appear a series of problems in the process of localization adaptation, such as unreasonable goal setting, too much emphasis on quantification, insufficient citizen orientation. The lack of adequate supervision mechanism has further resulted in negative problems, such as reducing the efficiency of the public sector or weakening the functions of public services. In addition, China's public and foreign countries in the social background. There are great differences in the system foundation and so on. This paper aims to explore the use of performance management in the context of China's public sector environment to make an analysis. And compared with the application of performance management in foreign countries, explore the deep-seated reasons for the problems of performance management in China. This paper is divided into six chapters. The first chapter introduces the application background of performance management at home and abroad. The present research situation of theory and practice at home and abroad is reviewed, and the logical framework and research methods of this paper are summarized. The second chapter defines the relevant concepts of public sector performance management, enumerates the examples of foreign performance management, summarizes the global development trend of public sector performance management, and introduces the current situation of public sector performance management in China. Including the stage of development and several typical performance management models; The third chapter analyzes the characteristics of public sector performance management in China, focusing on the shortcomings in the process of practice. Chapter 4th analyzes the differences between China's political system environment and the West, and analyzes the deep reasons for the existing problems. Chapter 5th emphasizes the value concept that the public sector performance management attaches importance to, and according to the above problems and reasons, puts forward the corresponding feasible countermeasures and suggestions; Chapter 6th is a summary of the full text.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D630.3

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