功能相关的客体在工作记忆中的组织

发布时间：2018-01-24 13:33

本文关键词： 视觉工作记忆功能相关交互组织知觉　出处：《浙江大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：视觉工作记忆是对视觉信息进行短暂的存储和加工,且容量有限的认知系统。研究者针对其存储容量和存储机制开展了一系列的研究并取得了丰硕的成果,然而研究往往将工作记忆存储信息视为各自独立的个体。现实生活中视觉系统需要处理的信息多蕴含于有结构的真实场景中,并非相互独立的客体。近年来,研究者开始关注客体间的关系信息(如格式塔组织)对工作记忆绩效的影响,鲜有研究触及高层级的客体关系对工作记忆绩效的影响。本研究旨在探讨视觉工作记忆能否利用客体间的功能性组织这一高层级关系来提升绩效。知觉研究表明功能性组织需要同时具备两个条件,即两个客体具有功能关系,且交互方式正确。本研究共包含三部分:第一部分采用变化觉察范式并以真实客体(实验1a)和简笔画(实验1b)作为实验材料,重复知觉研究中经典的功能性组织;第二部分将记忆项与检测项之间的时间间隔拉长至1000ms,考察视觉工作记忆中的功能性组织(实验2a,2b);第三部分将具备功能关系的客体拆分后顺次呈现,进一步考察工作记忆能否将具备功能关系的客体加以动态组织(实验3a,3b)。本研究得到以下结论:(1)视觉工作记忆可以利用功能关系将客体加以组织;(2)视觉工作记忆中的功能性组织与知觉不同,仅需两个客体具备功能关系即可,无需客体间有正确的交互方式。该研究表明视觉工作记忆的组织功能具有一定的灵活性,可以突破外界信息的时空限制从而实现对信息的重新组织。
[Abstract]:Visual working memory is a kind of cognitive system which can store and process visual information briefly and has limited capacity. Researchers have carried out a series of researches on its storage capacity and storage mechanism and achieved fruitful results. However, the working memory storage information is often regarded as a separate individual. In real life, the information that visual system needs to deal with is mostly contained in the real scene with structure, not as an independent object. In recent years. Researchers began to focus on the relationship between objects (such as Gestalt Organization) on the impact of working memory performance. Few studies have touched on the effects of high-level object relationships on working memory performance. This study is intended to explore whether visual working memory can use the high-level relationship of functional organization between objects to improve performance. Perceptual studies show that. Functional organizations need to have two conditions at the same time. That is, the two objects have a functional relationship. This study consists of three parts: the first part uses the paradigm of change perception and takes the real object (experiment 1a) and the simple stroke (experiment 1b) as the experimental materials. Classical functional tissue in the study of repetitive perception; In the second part, the time interval between the memory item and the test item was lengthened to 1000msto investigate the functional tissue in the visual working memory (experiment 2a ~ 2b); In the third part, the objects with functional relationship are separated and presented in sequence, and then we investigate whether the functional objects can be dynamically organized by working memory (experiment 3a). In this study, we draw the following conclusion: 1) Visual working memory can organize the object by using functional relationship; 2) functional organization and perception in visual working memory are different, only two objects have functional relationship. This study shows that the organizational function of visual working memory is flexible and can break through the time and space limitation of external information to reorganize the information.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842.3

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