关于政治与行政二分的再认识——以澳大利亚为例

发布时间：2018-03-17 18:53

本文选题：政治与行政的关系　切入点：伍德罗·威尔逊的二分法　出处：《武汉大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2017年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：西方民主对政治与行政做了传统上的区分。英国于1854年通过了《诺斯科特-杜威廉报告》(Northcote-Trevelyan Report),该报告提倡构建一种基于绩效的行政部门,使之免受裙带关系和党派之争的影响。澳大利亚即依此例。美国的民主传统中政治与行政二者的界定则不那么泾渭分明,但伍德罗·威尔逊所倡导的从政治过程中分割出来的行政专业化仍具有重要意义。在任何情况下,政治与行政总是针锋相对。因为行政必须随着民主进程的变化而变动,与此同时,政客的政策必须同样得到公平、妥善且高效的执行。中国的政治与行政尚未分离,所有的政府部门都接受党的领导。然而,中国政府行政的专业性可从其值得嘉奖的官僚系统的长久历史中得以力证——执政党的每一决定都基于民众的利益,政策制定的过程也更透明。过去的40年里,澳大利亚的民主发展对政治与行政之间的互动有着重要影响,但问题依然存在。虽然中国的制度安排与澳大利亚差异巨大,但面临的问题是类似的,即确保政府行政公正(高效、有效且妥善),并且契合于中央政府、省级和地方政府对公共利益的阐释。
[Abstract]:Western democracy has traditionally drawn a distinction between politics and administration. In 1854, Britain adopted the Northcote-Trevelyan report, which advocates the building of a performance-based administration. Protect it from nepotism and partisanship. In Australia, for example, the definition of politics and administration in the American democratic tradition is not so clear. But the specialization of administration that Woodrow Wilson advocated from the political process is still important. In any case, politics and administration are always tit-for-tat, because administration has to change as democratic processes change. At the same time, the policies of politicians must be carried out in a fair, proper and efficient manner. China's politics and administration are not yet separate, and all government departments are under the leadership of the Party. The professionalism of the Chinese government's administration can be borne out by the long history of its laudable bureaucracy-every decision of the ruling party is based on the interests of the people and the process of policy making is more transparent. Over the past 40 years, Australia's democratic development has an important impact on the interaction between politics and administration, but problems remain. Although China's institutional arrangements differ greatly from Australia's, the problems are similar. That is to ensure that the government administration is fair (efficient, effective and appropriate), and in line with the central government, provincial and local governments to explain the public interest.
【作者单位】： College
【分类号】：D630

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