江西省农村扶贫绩效研究

发布时间：2018-03-25 04:12

本文选题：扶贫绩效　切入点：层次分析法　出处：《江西财经大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在人类发展的历史进程中,贫困问题一直是困扰世界各国的难题,对于世界上人口基数最大的发展中国家来说,贫困也一直阻碍着我们国家的发展,所以消除贫困,实现共同富裕是我国长期坚持的经济发展目标。改革开放三十多年来,我国经济的快速发展为政府扶贫工作的进行提供了经济基础,这三十多年中我国扶贫工作取得了举世瞩目的成就,农村贫困人口从7.7亿降到2015年底的5575万,完成了联合国千年发展目标中的减贫要求。可以说中国的扶贫模式是世界扶贫的宝贵财富,值得世界上其他国家借鉴与学习,但是随着改革开放的深入,我国经济已经步入一个新的发展阶段,如何在“十三五”期间全面消除贫困,实现全面建成小康社会的伟大梦想,是我国当前面临的最大的考验,对此,中央提出了“精准扶贫”的战略目标,同时习近平总书记也在去年7月份召开的东西部扶贫协作会谈上为2020年实现农村贫困人口全面脱贫发出了动员令,并且指出扶贫已经到了攻克堡垒的最后阶段。江西省是革命老区,自然条件恶劣,贫困问题也相对较为严峻,多年来江西省政府一直紧跟国家步伐,制订了相关扶贫政策,开发符合江西特色的扶贫模式,力争2020年全省基本实现贫困人口脱贫摘帽的目标。但是扶贫水平是否有所提高,扶贫政策的实施是否行之有效,财政的投入是否达到了预期的效果,后期工作应该在哪些方面作出调整,这些都影响着“十三五”期间贫困人口脱贫致富的目标。本文首先定性描述了江西省农村贫困现状,发现当前江西省农村贫困人口规模相对庞大,主要分布在全省各县市,但是集中分布在赣州、吉安、上饶以及九江四个市,另外农村人口的收入中有70%用于衣食住行,所以消费层次还相对较低,同时农村劳动力文化水平有86%左右在初中及以下,而且4%左右的文盲率一直没有得到改善;另一方面,笔者通过对全国扶贫模式以及江西省扶贫模式的分析,发现江西省经历了救济式到开发式以及当前采用“造血”为主,“输血”为辅的模式,鼓励全民参与,另外江西省当前实施了“产业扶贫”、“就业扶贫”、“易地搬迁”等措施,带动农村贫困对象脱贫致富。为了进一步研究江西省农村扶贫水平,笔者通过对国内外扶贫绩效研究理论的学习,以及对江西省农村贫困现状与扶贫政策的分析,以扶贫对象为重点,创新性地从扶贫、解困以及可持续发展三个维度构建评价体系,另外,为了科学合理的对江西省农村扶贫绩效作出评价,笔者对比了计算权重的方法,最后选择层次分析法与熵值法相结合的主客观赋权法,并且通过皮尔逊相关分析证明了熵值法与层次分析法结合在扶贫绩效评价中的合理性。通过主客观赋权评价江西省2011年至2015年农村扶贫水平,结果表明江西省农村扶贫水平近5年呈现上升的趋势,另外,通过对扶贫效果、解困措施、可持续发展的具体分析可以得出,江西省近5年中的农村扶贫工作在农村收入水平提高方面起到显著的作用,在农村基础设施建设、卫生医疗方面有了很大的改善,同时,农村贫困率下降比例也比较明显,但是在教育、卫生、社会保障方面有下降或者变化不大的不足,在生态环保方面虽然已经有所改善,但是近5年有所波动;基于这些问题,笔者提出了继续加大“输血”力度,提高农村社会保障,加强农村教育培训,增加就业创业机会,加强绿色乡村建设,实现生态经济协调发展,优化产业扶贫模式,加强经济结构调整,整合社会各方力量,构建多元扶贫机制的5点建议。
[Abstract]:In the historical process of human development, poverty remains a problem for developing countries around the world, the world's largest population, poverty has been hindering the development of our country, so to eliminate poverty and achieve common prosperity is China's long-term economic development goals. Thirty years of reform and opening up, the rapid development of our the country's economy provides an economic basis for the government poverty alleviation work, China's poverty alleviation work in these thirty years has made remarkable achievements in the poor rural population dropped from 770 million to 2015 by the end of 55 million 750 thousand, completed the UN Millennium Development Goals of poverty reduction requirements. It can be said that the Chinese model of poverty alleviation is precious wealth of the world poverty alleviation, worthy of reference and learning in other countries in the world, but with the deepening of reform and opening-up, China's economy has entered a new stage of development, how to" 13th Five-Year "during the full elimination of poverty, to achieve full completion of the great dream of a well-off society, China is facing the biggest challenge in this regard, the strategic goal of the central authorities put forward the" precise poverty "at the same time, the general secretary Xi Jinping also held in July last year, the eastern poverty talks for 2020 to achieve cooperation in rural poverty population comprehensive poverty alleviation issued a mobilization order, and pointed out that poverty alleviation has reached the final stage of the fortress. Jiangxi is the old revolutionary base areas, poor natural conditions, the problem of poverty is also relatively severe, over the years the government of Jiangxi Province, a straight follow national pace, formulate related poverty reduction policies, in line with the development characteristics of Jiangxi poverty alleviation mode, and strive to 2020 the province's basic realization out of poverty poverty. But the poverty level is improved, whether the effective implementation of poverty alleviation policy, financial investment is reached The expected effect, later work should make adjustments in what aspects, which affect the "13th Five-Year" during the poor target. Firstly, qualitative description of the poverty situation in rural areas of Jiangxi Province, it is found that the current rural poverty population in Jiangxi province is relatively large, mainly distributed in cities and counties across the Province, but concentrated in Ganzhou Ji'an, Shangrao, Jiujiang and other four cities, the incomes of the rural population in 70% for the basic necessities of life, so the consumption level is relatively low, and the cultural level of the rural labor force is about 86% in the junior middle school and below, and about 4% of the illiteracy rate has not improved; on the other hand, with the country's poverty alleviation mode and analysis of poverty in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Province found that experienced relief to the development and the current use of "blood", "blood transfusion" auxiliary pattern, encourage All the people involved, also in Jiangxi province the current implementation of the "industrial poverty", "employment poverty", "easy to move" and other measures to promote rural poverty alleviation. The object in order to further study the rural poverty level in Jiangxi Province, the author through to the domestic and foreign studies on the performance of poverty alleviation theory study, and Analysis on rural poverty situation and poverty alleviation policy Jiangxi Province, the poverty reduction target as the focus, innovation from the three dimensions of poverty and poverty alleviation and sustainable development evaluation system, in addition to the scientific and reasonable performance of rural poverty alleviation in Jiangxi province to make evaluation, the author compares the methods of weight calculation, the final choice of AHP and entropy method combining subjective and objective weighting method, and through the Pearson correlation analysis proves that the entropy method and AHP combined with rationality in poverty alleviation in the performance evaluation. Through subjective and objective evaluation of Jiangxi province 2011 To 2015 rural poverty level, results showed a rising trend of rural poverty level in Jiangxi Province in recent 5 years, in addition, through the solution to poverty alleviation effect, measures, specific analysis of sustainable development can be drawn, the work of rural poverty alleviation in Jiangxi Province in the past 5 years to a significant role in the rural income level increase, in the construction of rural infrastructure, health care has been greatly improved, at the same time, the rural poverty rate ratio will decline significantly, but in education, health, lack of a drop or little change in social security, ecological environmental protection has been improved, but nearly 5 years fluctuated; based on these problems, the author the "blood transfusion" to continue to increase efforts to improve the rural social security, strengthen education and training in rural areas, increasing employment opportunities, strengthen the green rural construction, realize the coordinated development of ecological economy, and The 5 suggestions of strengthening the mode of poverty alleviation in the industry, strengthening the adjustment of the economic structure, integrating the forces of the society and building the multi - poverty alleviation mechanism.

【学位授予单位】：江西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F323.8;F812.8

【参考文献】