8～11岁儿童无意视盲的认知机制研究

发布时间：2018-03-29 12:29

本文选题：无意视盲　切入点：年龄发展　出处：《河北师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：无意视盲是指当注意集中于一个具体的任务时,即使某个刺激十分明显,人们也往往不能注意到这个非期望刺激的现象。研究者们对影响无意视盲现象产生的因素探讨已久,但对于儿童无意视盲机制的研究甚少,且系统性不高。鉴于注意对儿童和青少年认知功能发展的重要影响,本研究从发展性的角度探索无意视盲现象的年龄发展进程,并试图探讨产生这种发展差异的原因。实验一使用经典静态无意视盲范式,探究无意视盲现象在年龄发展上的差异。随机选取某小学8～11岁的儿童120名,采用单因素被试间实验设计,结果显示,无意视盲现象的发生率随年龄的增加而减少,与年龄较大的儿童相比,8岁到9岁的儿童对非期望刺激的觉察率显著低于10岁和11岁儿童。实验二和实验三在实验一的基础上,分别从注意资源有限的两个角度来探索出现此年龄差异的相关原因。两个实验的被试与实验一相同,自变量都为年龄和任务类型。研究结果与以往研究一致,反应时绩效都随年龄的增长而增长,两种注意行为都显著增强的关键年龄区间在9岁到10岁之间。实验二考察注意资源总量在年龄发展上的差异,结果发现,任务类型与年龄因素的交互作用不显著,说明注意资源总量的绝对有限性对转折点前后两个年龄阶段的儿童影响一致。实验三考察抑制控制能力在年龄发展上的差异。结果发现,不同的任务类型与年龄因素的交互作用显著,说明10岁和11岁的儿童与8岁和9岁儿童相比,其抑制控制能力发展水平有了较明显的提高。综上,本研究发现年龄发展与无意视盲的发上存在密切关系,8岁和9岁的儿童比10岁和11岁的儿童更容易发生无意视盲现象。而对于儿童无意视盲现象产生这种年龄差异的原因,我们认为主要是由于儿童抑制控制能力发生变化。
[Abstract]:Unintentional blindness is when attention is focused on a specific task, and even if a stimulus is obvious, people often fail to notice this unexpected stimulus. Researchers have been studying the factors that influence the occurrence of unintentional blindness. However, there is little research on the mechanism of unintentional blindness in children, and it is not systematic. In view of the important influence of attention on the development of cognitive function in children and adolescents, this study explores the process of age development of unintentional blindness from a developmental perspective. In experiment one, we used the classical static unintentional blindness paradigm to explore the difference in age development of unintentional blindness. 120 children aged 811 years in a primary school were randomly selected. The results showed that the incidence of unintentional blindness decreased with the increase of age. Compared with older children, children aged between 8 and 9 were significantly less aware of unwanted stimuli than those aged 10 and 11. Experiments 2 and 3 were based on experiment 1. The related reasons for this age difference were explored from the perspective of limited attention resources. The subjects of the two experiments were the same as those in experiment I. the independent variables were both age and task type. The results were consistent with previous studies. Response time performance increased with age, and the key age range for both significant enhancement of attention behavior was between 9 and 10 years old. Experiment 2 examined the difference in the total amount of attention resources in age development, and found that, The interaction between task types and age factors was not significant, The results showed that the absolute limitation of the total attention resources had the same effect on the children in the two age stages before and after the turning point. The interaction between different task types and age factors was significant, which indicated that the developmental level of inhibition and control of children aged 10 and 11 was significantly higher than that of children aged 8 and 9. This study found that there is a close relationship between age development and hair of unintentional visual blindness. Children aged 8 and 9 are more likely to develop unintentional blindness than children aged 10 and 11. We believe it is mainly due to changes in children's ability to suppress control.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842

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