利率市场化对农村信用社经营的影响及对策研究

发布时间：2018-04-04 12:30

本文选题：利率市场化　切入点：农村信用社　出处：《山东大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：目前,我国存款利率管制的全面放开,标志着银行业从此脱离了“坐地收钱”的现状,各方面的综合实力如业务结构和经营模式等开始经受新一轮的考验。对于农村信用社来讲,长期以来以存贷利差作为收益的主要来源,其它业务未得到充分的应用和推广,且缺乏经济形势和市场风险的判断能力,利率的功能并没有发挥真正的作用,在操作层面上利率的市场化程度是比较低的。利率市场化的逐步推进将对农村信用社的经营和管理产生重要影响。如何识别金融风险,消除利率市场化带来的消积影响,如何在日益激烈的市场竞争大潮中防控风险抢抓机遇,将是农信人共同努力探索的重要问题。本文结合世界上多个国家以及我国的利率市场化发展状况,综合比较了其他信用社与农村信用社的优劣势,得出结论：农村信用社先天不足,抗风险能力缺乏、地域经济相对落后、人员素质普遍较低、市场竞争程度较弱、信息获取滞后、监管严格等多种因素制约,且对传统存贷业务的依赖性较高,资金使用渠道单一,风险管理能力落后,信息获取能力不足,资金营运意识淡薄,科技能力与利率定价能力不足和定价粗放等弱势。但自农村信用社深化改革以来,其变化之大可观,营业网点一改往日现状,办公环境推陈出新,农村信用社市场竞争力日益增强,成为举足轻重的社区银行、零售银行、农民银行。其次,与大型信用社相比农村信用社人缘、地缘和决策链条短优势突出。利率市场化的改革对农村信用社今后的发展是竞争也存在机遇,必须做好充分的应对措施,保证长期稳定发展。同时,本文全面分析了利率市场化对农村信用社经营的影响程度,不可避免地带来行业集中度增强和存贷款利差缩小问题,资产质量会随着利率的波动有所下降,加之农村信用社历史原因形成的多种劣势无法在短时间内消除,可能会引发不同程度风险的加重,甚至导致无利润经营或负利润经营。同时,本文围绕农村信用社经营中存在的优势和劣势,具体分析了今后经营中的转型与策略,只有农村信用社不断的调整资产结构,创新金融产品,扩大经营自主权,寻求双赢的银银合作模式,改变原来单一、粗放的传统经营模式,在提升风险管理水平、提高量化分析能力的基础上,不断拓展投资渠道,发展中间业务,提升非利息收入比重,健全产品定价机制,改变原始的经营风格,以“走出去,引进来”的模式建立人才培养库,真正做到软件硬件齐备上阵,才能在利率市场化的改革浪潮中经得起挑战。利率市场化是把“双刃剑”,农村信用社在保障资金安全的前提下,更好地运用富余资金,准确把握市场波动创造利润,提高综合收益水平已是箭在弦上。
[Abstract]:At present, the deregulation of deposit interest rate in our country indicates that the banking industry has been divorced from the present situation of "sitting down and collecting money" from now on, and the comprehensive strength of all aspects, such as business structure and management mode, has begun to undergo a new round of tests.For rural credit cooperatives, for a long time, the main source of income is the spread of deposit and loan interest, other businesses are not fully applied and promoted, and they lack the ability to judge the economic situation and market risks.The function of interest rate does not play a real role in the operational level of interest rate marketization is relatively low.The gradual promotion of interest rate marketization will have an important impact on the management and management of rural credit cooperatives.How to identify the financial risk, eliminate the influence of interest rate marketization, and how to control the risk in the fierce market competition tide, will be an important problem for farmers to explore.Combined with the development of interest rate marketization in many countries and our country, this paper compares the advantages and disadvantages of other credit cooperatives and rural credit cooperatives, and draws the conclusion that the rural credit cooperatives are deficient in nature and lack of ability to resist risks.Regional economy is relatively backward, personnel quality is generally low, market competition is weak, information acquisition lags behind, supervision and other factors are restricted, and the dependence on traditional deposit and loan business is high, and the use of funds is single.The risk management ability is backward, the information acquisition ability is insufficient, the fund operation consciousness is weak, the science and technology ability and the interest rate pricing ability are insufficient and the pricing is extensive and so on.However, since the deepening of the reform of rural credit cooperatives, the changes have been remarkable, as soon as the business outlets changed the status quo, the office environment became new, the market competitiveness of rural credit cooperatives increased day by day, and they became important community banks and retail banks.A farmer's bank.Secondly, compared with large credit cooperatives, rural credit cooperatives have the advantage of short-term geographical and decision-making chain.The reform of marketization of interest rate will bring both competition and opportunity to the development of rural credit cooperatives in the future.At the same time, this paper comprehensively analyzes the influence of interest rate marketization on the operation of rural credit cooperatives, which inevitably leads to the increase of industry concentration and the narrowing of deposit and loan spreads, and the decrease of asset quality with the fluctuation of interest rate.In addition, various disadvantages formed by historical reasons of rural credit cooperatives can not be eliminated in a short period of time, which may lead to the aggravation of different degrees of risk, and even lead to non-profit management or negative profit management.At the same time, this paper focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of the rural credit cooperatives, and analyzes the transformation and strategy in the future. Only the rural credit cooperatives constantly adjust the structure of assets, innovate financial products, and expand the autonomy of operation.Seeking a win-win cooperation model of silver and silver, changing the original single and extensive traditional business model, constantly expanding investment channels and developing intermediate business on the basis of improving the level of risk management and the ability of quantitative analysis.To raise the proportion of non-interest income, to improve the pricing mechanism of products, to change the original management style, to set up a talent training bank in the mode of "going out and bringing in", so that the software and hardware are truly ready for battle.Only in the interest rate marketization reform tide can stand up to the challenge.Interest rate marketization is a "double-edged sword". Rural credit cooperatives, on the premise of ensuring the safety of funds, make better use of surplus funds, accurately grasp market fluctuations and create profits, and improve the level of comprehensive income.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F832.35

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