法国水务公司在华FDI的竞争优势和发展战略：基于威立雅和中法水务的案例研究

发布时间：2018-04-09 04:25

本文选题：对外直接投资　切入点：公共私营合作　出处：《武汉大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：中国有全世界20%的人口,但是仅仅拥有6%的世界淡水资源,因此中国面对严重的淡水短缺,而且有专家预计在2030年需求将超越供应能力的25%。此外,水资源的污染也逐渐严重。在2013年,国家环保部发布了报告,指出有30%的河属于被污染或者严重污染,并且在198个城市中,有一半的地下水的水资源被污染。所以,为了解决这些问题,中国水务行业需要进行大量的投资。由于政府的投资能力不足,行业需要私人部门的投资能力来支持水务行业基本设施的发展,尤其是外国投资者的投资能力。如今,中国城市水务服务市场的竞争环境已经变得非常激烈,影响国内和国外企业的收益和发展,它们越来越需要提高自己的竞争能力和不断改善增强自己的竞争优势。外国企业中有两家法国企业,威立雅和苏伊士环境,它们在中国市场占着重要的位置,向4100万人和2000万人提供水务服务。目前,参与中国城市水务市场的企业面临许多困难,如水价低于水处理成本、投资缺口、投资的成本等。因此,许多中国本土水务企业的运营绩效属于不太好的状态,它们其中有不少依靠中国政府的补贴继续经营。补贴是中国政府无法长期负担的经济压力,所以不得不改善水务企业的经营绩效。所以,本论文的目标是研究在华的法国水务企业,为了了解法国水务企业的竞争优势何在,为什么它们经营绩效比中国水务企业好。为了完成我们的目标,我们选择采用多案例研究法,对威立雅、中法水务、北京首创以及北控水务进行比较分析。本研究基于国际生产折中理论和垄断优势理论进行分析,发现法国水务企业拥有六种竞争优势,它们是商务荣誉、研发能力、人才的培养、水务项目的地位、企业的垂直整合和横向整合战略。我们也发现法国水务企业和中国水务企业的战略存在明显的差别,差别主要出现在项目的地位、项目的商务模式、所有权关系及企业业务的多元化程度。本研究不但能显示出在哪些方面中国企业存在的竞争力不足之状况,以及需要改善的地方,也有利于提高中国对法国水务企业的战略和竞争优势。
[Abstract]:China has 20 percent of the world's population, but only 6 percent of the world's freshwater resources, so China faces a severe shortage of fresh water, and experts predict that demand will outstrip supply capacity by 25 percent by 2030.In addition, the pollution of water resources is also gradually serious.In 2013, the Ministry of Environmental Protection released a report saying that 30 percent of the rivers were polluted or heavily polluted, and that half of the groundwater resources in 198 cities were contaminated.Therefore, in order to solve these problems, China's water industry needs a lot of investment.Because the government's investment capacity is insufficient, the industry needs the investment capacity of the private sector to support the infrastructure development of the water industry, especially the investment capacity of foreign investors.Nowadays, the competitive environment of China's urban water service market has become very fierce, affecting the income and development of domestic and foreign enterprises, they increasingly need to improve their competitiveness and enhance their competitive advantage.Among the foreign companies are two French companies, Veolia and Suez Environment, which dominate the Chinese market, providing water services to 41 million people and 20 million people.At present, enterprises participating in Chinese urban water market are facing many difficulties, such as water price is lower than water treatment cost, investment gap, investment cost and so on.As a result, the operating performance of many local water companies in China is not very good, many of them rely on subsidies from the Chinese government to continue to operate.Subsidies are economic pressures that the Chinese government cannot afford for a long time, so it has to improve the performance of water companies.Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to study the French water enterprises in China, in order to understand the competitive advantages of French water enterprises, why they have better performance than Chinese water enterprises.In order to achieve our goal, we choose to adopt a multi-case study method to compare and analyze Willis, Sino-French Water, Beijing first and Northern Control Water.Based on the analysis of international production compromise theory and monopoly advantage theory, it is found that French water enterprises have six competitive advantages, which are commercial honor, R & D ability, talent training, and the status of water projects.Vertical integration and horizontal integration strategy.We also find that there are obvious differences between French water enterprises and Chinese water enterprises in terms of the status of the project, the business model of the project, the ownership relationship and the degree of diversification of the enterprise business.This study can not only show in which aspects of the competitiveness of Chinese enterprises, as well as the need to improve the situation, but also help to enhance China's strategic and competitive advantages against French water enterprises.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F299.24

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