统计概要表征在视觉工作记忆中的存储

发布时间：2018-04-12 09:35

本文选题：视觉工作记忆 + 统计概要表征　；参考：《浙江大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：工作记忆是一个容量有限的系统,它是认知过程中的核心部分之一,已经成为认知心理学领域的研究焦点。以往视觉工作记忆的研究中多关注单个客体的存储。然而现实生活中充满了大量信息,除了零散的单个客体,还有大量成组客体。在视知觉领域的研究表明,面对大量相似客体的集合,视觉系统可以提取集合的统计属性,形成统计概要表征,从而节省认知资源,提高整体认知绩效。这种面对大量信息形成的统计概要表征在视觉工作记忆中存储机制,尚未有研究进行探讨。本研究采用变化觉察范式,要求被试记忆多个圆构成的集合的平均大小,从而探讨集合刺激的统计概要表征在视觉工作记忆中的存储机制。实验一测量视觉工作记忆中统计概要表征的容量;实验二探讨对统计概要表征的记忆是否依赖于对集合内个体刺激的精确记忆;实验三探讨统计概要表征在视觉工作记忆中的存储是否受集合内个体数目的影响;实验四考察统计概要表征在视觉工作记忆中的保持情况。本研究得到以下结果:(1)视觉工作记忆可存储近2个统计概要表征。(2)统计概要表征的记忆并不依赖于对集合内个体的精确记忆。(3)统计概要表征在视觉工作记忆中的存储不受集合内个体数目的影响。(4)统计概要表征在视觉工作记忆中保持的前1s,绩效已经有明显下降;1s～2s,有中等程度的下降;2～4s保持趋于稳定。统计概要表征在视觉工作记忆中能够较稳定地保持,至少保持4s。以上结果表明,在面对大量同质视觉客体时,视觉工作记忆可以编码储存多组客体的统计概要表征,从而以有限的容量实现对大量视觉信息的存储。
[Abstract]:Working memory is a limited system, which is one of the core parts of cognitive process and has become the focus of cognitive psychology.Previous researches on visual working memory focused on the storage of single object.However, the real life is full of a lot of information, in addition to scattered individual objects, but also a large number of groups of objects.In the field of visual perception, it is shown that in the face of a large number of similar objects, the visual system can extract the statistical attributes of the set and form statistical summary representation, thus saving cognitive resources and improving the overall cognitive performance.The mechanism of this statistical summary representation in visual working memory has not been studied.Using the paradigm of change perception, the participants were asked to remember the average size of a set composed of multiple circles, so as to explore the storage mechanism of the statistical summary of set stimuli in visual working memory.Experiment 3 explores whether the storage of statistical summary representation in visual working memory is affected by the number of individuals in the set, and experiment 4 examines the retention of statistical summary representation in visual working memory.In this study, we obtained the following results: 1) Visual working memory can store nearly two statistical summary representations. 2) the memory of statistical summary representation does not depend on the precise memory of individuals in the set.Storage is not affected by the number of individuals in the set.Statistical summary representation was stable in visual working memory, at least 4 s.The above results show that in the face of a large number of homogeneous visual objects, visual working memory can code and store statistical summary representations of multiple groups of objects, thus realizing the storage of a large amount of visual information with limited capacity.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842

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