初中天文拓展型课程中的非观测类教学活动探究

发布时间：2018-04-18 05:41

本文选题：初中 + 天文　；参考：《上海师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：新课程的改革,要求改变过于强调接受学习的现状,倡导学生主动学习。天文学习中的观测类活动,可以培养学生的学习兴趣、动手能力和科学精神,在提升学生的学习主动性和参与性方面具有实践意义。随着课改的深入,其理念也逐渐扩展到非观测类教学活动中。笔者通过了解天文教学活动的现状,借鉴中学地理、科学等学科的活动原则和方法,对天文教学中的非观测类活动进行实践,为相关的天文拓展型教学课程开发提供方法、建议。本文运用文献研究、调查分析、访谈、实验的研究方法,对上海基础教育中天文拓展课中非观测类教学活动的影响因素、活动策略、实践研究这三个方面进行了分析。研究分析结果如下:首先,影响教师开设初中天文拓展课程的因素中,教师个人的知识储备、工作时间、工作报酬和教学硬件等是教师的最基本需求。在满足了基本需求后,情感需求中又以领导的支持和学生的学习兴趣影响程度较大。其次,学生对于不同天文学习活动的参与意愿存在差异。兴趣水平高的学生对于天文学习的态度更积极,相较与形式,他们更在意天文知识本身。兴趣水平较低的学生对于天文学习的态度消极,学习体验丰富的活动形式能有效地增加他们的参与意愿。而从学生的总体情况来看,学生对于参与度越高的活动,参与意愿也越高。再次,发现了目前非观测类教学活动中存在到问题:教师对于非观测类教学活动的关注程度不够;学校对于非观测类教学活动的经费投入不足;教师间缺乏对于非观测类教学活动的交流平台;教师缺乏开展非观测类活动的课程资源。最后,提出了实施非观测类活动的对策:一、将非观测类活动计入绩效以满足天文教师的安全需求;二、需要梳理学习内容,并制定相应的教学目标;三、运用学习金字塔理论指导非观测类活动,以提高学生的参与意愿和学习内容留存率;四、从各个渠道收集非观测类活动的课程资源,为开发校本教材做准备;五、参与校际交流合作。对于非观测类教学实践的结果表面,非观测类教学活动能有效地达成教学目标,可以保持学生对于天文学习的兴趣水平。对于真实而有意义的教学活动,学生的参与意愿会有显著提高。
[Abstract]:The reform of the new curriculum requires that the present situation of accepting learning should be changed too much, and that students should take the initiative to learn.Observational activities in astronomical learning can cultivate students' interest in learning, practical ability and scientific spirit, and have practical significance in promoting students' learning initiative and participation.With the deepening of curriculum reform, its concept is gradually extended to non-observational teaching activities.Through understanding the present situation of astronomical teaching activities and drawing lessons from the principles and methods of high school geography, science and other subjects, the author carries out the practice of non-observational activities in astronomy teaching, and provides a method for the development of related astronomical expanded teaching courses.RecommendationsBased on the methods of literature research, investigation and analysis, interviews and experiments, this paper analyzes the influencing factors, activity strategies and practical studies of non-observational teaching activities in basic education in Shanghai.The results are as follows: first of all among the factors that influence teachers to set up astronomical expansion courses in junior high school teachers' personal knowledge reserve working hours working remuneration and teaching hardware are the most basic needs of teachers.After satisfying the basic needs, the support of the leaders and the students' interest in learning have a great influence on the emotional needs.Secondly, there are differences in students' willingness to participate in different astronomical learning activities.Students with high level of interest have a more positive attitude towards astronomical learning and care more about astronomical knowledge itself than in form.Students with lower level of interest have a negative attitude towards astronomical learning, and learning experience rich forms of activities can effectively increase their willingness to participate.From the overall situation of the students, the higher the participation of students, the higher their willingness to participate.Thirdly, it is found that there are some problems in the current non-observational teaching activities: the teachers' attention to the non-observational teaching activities is not enough, the school's funding for the non-observational teaching activities is insufficient;Teachers lack a communication platform for non-observational teaching activities, and teachers lack curriculum resources for non-observational activities.Finally, the paper puts forward some countermeasures to implement the non-observational activities: first, to count the non-observational activities into the performance to meet the safety needs of astronomy teachers; second, to sort out the learning content and formulate the corresponding teaching objectives; third,Using learning pyramid theory to guide non-observational activities in order to improve students' willingness to participate and retention rate of learning content; fourthly, to collect curriculum resources of non-observational activities from various channels in order to prepare for the development of school-based textbooks.Participate in inter-school communication and cooperation.On the surface of the results of non-observational teaching practice, non-observational teaching activities can effectively achieve the teaching objectives and maintain the level of students' interest in astronomical learning.For real and meaningful teaching activities, students' willingness to participate will be significantly improved.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.98

【参考文献】