大数据时代政府绩效评估研究

发布时间：2018-05-04 07:03

本文选题：大数据技术 + 政府绩效　；参考：《中共广东省委党校》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：政府绩效评估是政府绩效管理的核心环节,我国现代意义上的政府绩效评估是20世纪90年代从国外引进的。在这短短的几十年里,我国开展政府绩效评估的基础氛围和环境得到了极大的改善,对政府绩效的评估不再只重视政府内部评估,也开始重视外部评估,且对信息技术的应用有所增加。虽然我国政府绩效评估取得了一定的进展,但它仍然存在一些问题,如评估主体对政府绩效评估的认知不足,不同评估主体间缺乏沟通;评估指标比较空泛、简单,指标的设置重偏好轻整体;评估方法依然是偏重自上而下的单向的内部评估,缺乏灵活性;相关的评估机制体制也尚未健全,尚未有公众评估政府的良好氛围。这些问题产生的原因是多方面的,主观上有对政府绩效评估不够重视、相关理论研究不足以及被评估者为规避被评估的风险阻止绩效评估的发展等原因,客观上有各评估主体本身实力不均,缺乏法律法规的权威指导以及某些传统文化影响等原因。大数据时代,信息技术及大数据技术的发展为政府绩效评估的发展指明了新的方向。本文以信息技术和大数据技术为依托,针对我国政府绩效评估存在的问题,提出了一种解决问题的路径:构建政府绩效第四方评估模式。政府绩效第四方评估是根据评估主体在政府绩效评估中所扮演的角色界定的。它是在第三方评估的基础上诞生的评估,同样是由独立于被评估对象、具有很强的专业性的组织开展的评估。不同的是,第四方评估是大数据组织依托第四方评估信息系统累积的政府绩效相关数据进行的大数据评估。它是独立于前三方评估的评估。政府绩效第四方评估内容包括对前三方评估的大数据评估和对政府绩效的大数据评估两大部分,前者相当于评估的评估,后者则属于对政府绩效的直接评估。以政府绩效第四方评估信息系统为载体,政府绩效第四方评估模式有机结合了参与政府绩效评估的多元评估主体、评估客体和评估指标,实现了政府绩效评估的信息共享,实现评估主体间跨时空的实时沟通,为公众主动参与评估提供足够的信息和稳定的渠道,同时突破了旧有评估模式中绩效评估数据不全面、评估运行环节不够透明、评估结果信度和效度难保证等问题。第四方评估作为前三方评估的整合统筹者,一方面能够整合前三方的评估数据,对前三方评估的信度和效度进行检验,另一方面也可以利用政府行为大数据进行独立评估,同时也可以整合所有数据,将不同数据进行对接,以挖掘出更多更接近事实的绩效。基于大数据的第四方政府绩效评估不仅仅解决了政府绩效评估本身存在的一些问题,更重要的是它使所有评估主体能够更加平等地沟通交流和对话,监督管理者也可以跨时空进行实时监督,发现问题即时干预,即时管理。
[Abstract]:Government performance evaluation is the core link of government performance management. Government performance evaluation in the modern sense of our country was introduced from abroad in 1990s. In these short decades, the basic atmosphere and environment of government performance evaluation in China has been greatly improved. The evaluation of government performance has not only attached importance to the internal evaluation of government, but also started to attach importance to external evaluation. And the application of information technology has increased. Although the government performance evaluation of our country has made some progress, it still has some problems, such as the lack of cognition to the government performance evaluation, the lack of communication between different evaluation subjects, the evaluation index is relatively vague and simple. The evaluation method is still one way from top to bottom and lacks flexibility. The relevant evaluation mechanism system is not yet perfect and there is no good atmosphere for public evaluation of government. There are many reasons for these problems, such as the lack of attention to the government performance evaluation, the lack of relevant theoretical research and the fact that the evaluator prevents the development of the performance evaluation in order to avoid the risk of being assessed, and so on. Objectively, there are some reasons such as the uneven power of the evaluation subjects, the lack of authoritative guidance of laws and regulations and the influence of some traditional cultures. Big data era, the development of information technology and big data technology pointed out a new direction for the development of government performance evaluation. Based on the information technology and big data technology, this paper puts forward a way to solve the problem: to construct the fourth party evaluation mode of government performance in view of the problems existing in the performance evaluation of our government. The fourth party evaluation of government performance is defined according to the role of evaluation subject in government performance evaluation. It is an evaluation based on the third party evaluation, which is also carried out by a highly professional organization independent of the object being evaluated. Different from that, the fourth party evaluation is a big data evaluation based on the relevant government performance data accumulated by the fourth party evaluation information system. It is an assessment independent of the first three-party assessments. The content of the fourth party evaluation of government performance includes big data evaluation of the former tripartite evaluation and big data evaluation of the government performance. The former is equivalent to the evaluation of the government performance, the latter is the direct evaluation of the government performance. Taking the fourth party evaluation information system as the carrier, the fourth party government performance evaluation model organically combines the multiple evaluation subjects, the evaluation object and the evaluation index, and realizes the information sharing of the government performance evaluation. In order to provide sufficient information and stable channels for the public to participate in the evaluation, it also breaks through the incomplete performance evaluation data in the old evaluation model, and the evaluation operation is not transparent enough. The reliability and validity of evaluation results are difficult to guarantee. The fourth party assessment, as the integrator of the former three parties assessment, can, on the one hand, integrate the evaluation data of the former three parties and test the reliability and validity of the former three parties' assessment; on the other hand, it can also use big data, the government's behavior, to conduct an independent evaluation. At the same time, all data can be integrated, different data can be docked to extract more and closer to the actual performance. The fourth party government performance evaluation based on big data not only solves some problems existing in the government performance evaluation itself, but also enables all evaluation subjects to communicate and communicate more equitably. Supervision managers can also cross time and space for real-time supervision, immediate intervention and immediate management.
【学位授予单位】：中共广东省委党校
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D630

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