洱海流域入湖河流清水产流机制修复技术集成

发布时间：2018-05-31 14:29

本文选题：洱海流域 + 入湖河流　；参考：《西安科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：目前洱海水质总体处于Ⅲ类,但存在恶化风险。为推动洱海的保护与治理,“十一五”和“十二五”期间分别在“水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项”中设置了“富营养化初期湖泊(洱海)水污染综合防治技术及工程示范”及“洱海水污染防治、生境改善与绿色流域建设技术及工程示范项目”,开展洱海水污染治理与生态修复的技术研发和工程示范,通过近十年的研发与实践,产出一批关键技术。基于对产出的关键技术进行良好集成和推动后续科学应用的目的,“十二五”水专项设置了“水污染控制治理与管理技术集成与技术体系研究”课题,拟通过对不同流域产出关键技术的体系构建和绩效评估形成适用的、可推广应用的集成技术系统。基于此,本文针对洱海流域入湖河流污染特征和治理技术需求,以洱海流域近十年来研发产出的关键技术为基础,开展洱海流域入湖河流清水产流机制修复技术集成体系研究,初步设计并构建洱海流域入湖河流清水产流机制修复技术体系,并以技术适用性和技术成熟度指标对技术进行绩效评估。主要的研究内容包括:(1)分析洱海入湖河流污染特征。解析洱海流域入湖河流污染物来源,入湖河流污染主要由于氮磷超标造成,面源是主要贡献类型。(2)技术成果梳理与体系构建。通过收集水专项和地方政府产出的技术结合实地调研,按照技术分类方法、原则以及污染物全过程控制思想,初步将污染治理技术分为涵养林构建和水土流失防治类、污染源控制类、低污染水净化类、河湖滨修复类、湖内修复类和管理调控类6类技术并构建技术体系。(3)评价典型污染源治理技术的技术适用性。处理水量小的分散式农村生活污水处理技术适用性较高的是人工湿地技术、接触氧化土壤净化槽技术,处理水量较大时适用性较高的是MBR膜处理技术;低污染水净化技术适用性较好的是河道旁路处理湿地技术和农田废水净化湿地技术;湿地工艺处理效果要优于多塘处理系统。(4)初步评估了技术成熟度。污水处理厂、陆地水土保持植被修复、城镇地表径流净化、农村分散生活污水处理、农村户用污水处理、河道低污染水净化、内源治理技术以减少系统风险为研究任务;种植结构调整、农村分散生活养殖混合污水处理、农田面源净化、湖滨带及湖内生态修复技术和决策支撑技术以减少技术风险提高技术合理性为研究任务。
[Abstract]:At present, the water quality of Erhai Lake is generally in Class III, but there is a risk of deterioration. In order to promote the protection and governance of Erhai Lake, During the 11th Five-Year Plan and the 12th Five-Year Plan, respectively, "Integrated water pollution control technology and engineering demonstration" and "water pollution prevention and control in Erhai Lake" were set up in the "Great Scientific and technological Project for Water pollution Control and Control". Habitat improvement and Green Watershed Construction Technology and Engineering demonstration Project ", R & D and engineering demonstration of water pollution control and ecological restoration in Erhai Lake were carried out, and a number of key technologies were produced through R & D and practice in the past ten years. Based on the good integration of the key technologies of the output and the purpose of promoting the subsequent scientific application, the "12th Five-Year Plan" water special set up "Water pollution Control and Management Technology Integration and Technical system Research". The system construction and performance evaluation of key technologies in different river basins are proposed to form a suitable integrated technology system which can be popularized and applied. Based on this, this paper aims at the pollution characteristics and control technology requirements of rivers entering lake in Erhai River Basin, and based on the key technologies of research and development and output in Erhai River Basin in the past ten years, the integrated technology system of restoration mechanism of clean water flow into lake rivers in Erhai Lake Basin is carried out. The restoration technology system of clean water production mechanism was designed and constructed in Erhai Lake Basin, and the technical performance was evaluated by the technical applicability and technical maturity index. The main research contents include: (1) analyzing the pollution characteristics of Erhai River entering Lake Erhai. The source of pollutants in lake-entering rivers in Erhai basin is analyzed. The pollution of rivers into lakes is mainly caused by the excess of nitrogen and phosphorus, and the non-surface source is the main contribution type. Through collecting water special and local government output technology combined with field investigation, according to the technology classification method, principle and the whole process control thought of pollutants, the pollution control technology is divided into conservation forest construction and soil erosion control. Pollution source control, low pollution water purification, river-lake restoration, in-lake remediation and management control are six types of technologies. The technical system is constructed to evaluate the technical applicability of typical pollution source treatment technology. The technology of decentralized rural domestic sewage treatment with small amount of water treatment is more suitable for artificial wetland technology, contact oxidation soil purification tank technology, and MBR membrane treatment technology is higher when the amount of water treatment is larger. Low pollution water purification technology is more suitable for river bypass treatment wetland technology and farmland wastewater purification wetland technology, the effect of wetland process treatment is better than multi-pond treatment system. 4) the technical maturity is preliminarily evaluated. Sewage treatment plant, land soil and water conservation vegetation restoration, urban surface runoff purification, rural scattered domestic sewage treatment, rural household sewage treatment, river low pollution water purification, endogenous management technology to reduce the system risk as the research task; The research task is to adjust the planting structure, to treat the mixed sewage from scattered farming in rural areas, to purify the farmland non-point source, to improve the technical rationality by reducing the technical risk, and to improve the technical rationality by the techniques of ecological restoration and decision support in lakeside zone and lake.
【学位授予单位】：西安科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X52

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