从国家精英大学到世界一流大学:基于制度的视角

发布时间：2018-06-12 03:21

  本文选题：世界一流大学 + 精英大学　； 参考：《北京大学教育评论》2017年01期

【摘要】：本文从历史和国际视野审视世界一流大学建设的话题,探讨其中蕴含的制度和组织意义。大学是一种受制度环境影响明显的组织形式,国家与大学之闽的关系构成大学最基本的制度环境,影响其办学行为和绩效。本文基于制度理论的分析视角提出四个命题,利用文献资料予以阐述:第一,国家监督型的高等教育系统容易产生分化,兼顾规模和质量目标;相反,国家控制型高等教育系统在将公平目标作为优先选择时,不得不以牺牲效率甚至质量目标为代价。第二,精英大学容易存在于国家监督模式以及持精英主义政策下,不易存在于持平等优先主义的国家控制模式下。第三,在国家监督模式下,一部分杰出大学在竞争中自发地发展成为世界一流大学;相反,在国家控制模式下,世界一流大学的建设需要国家的特别干预行为。第四,对于后发外生型国家的世界一流大学建设而言,受到先发内生型国家业已建立的学术制度的影响,容易出现内容与形式之间的分离以及浅层制度化先完成、深层制度化后完成的"脱序"现象。
[Abstract]:This paper examines the topic of the construction of world-class universities from the historical and international perspectives, and probes into the institutional and organizational significance contained therein. The university is a kind of organization form which is obviously influenced by the institutional environment. The relationship between the state and the university in Fujian constitutes the most basic institutional environment of the university, which affects its running behavior and performance. This paper puts forward four propositions based on the analysis angle of system theory, and expounds them by using the literature. First, the higher education system of the state supervision is easy to be divided, and the goal of scale and quality is taken into account; on the contrary, The state-controlled higher education system has to sacrifice efficiency and even quality goals at the expense of efficiency and quality when it regards equity as its priority. Second, elite universities are easy to exist in the state supervision mode and the meritocracy policy, but not in the state control mode of equal priority. Third, under the mode of state supervision, some outstanding universities spontaneously develop into world-class universities in the competition; on the contrary, under the mode of state control, the construction of world-class universities requires the special intervention of the state. Fourth, for the construction of the world-class universities in the newly developed and exogenous countries, influenced by the established academic system in the pre-developed endogenous countries, it is easy to see the separation between the content and the form, as well as the shallow institutionalization. The phenomenon of "disordering" completed after deep institutionalization.
【作者单位】： 北京大学教育学院教育经济研究所;
【基金】：基金项目:世界一流大学制度的国际比较研究
【分类号】：G640
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本文编号：2008070