中国银行业结构、效率及其对绩效的影响

发布时间：2018-06-21 03:15

本文选题：商业银行 + 市场结构　；参考：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,我国政府针对银行业的改革,目的都是提高我国商业银行的绩效和竞争能力。为了提出合理的改革建议,需要明确影响我国商业银行绩效的关键性因素。在寻找影响我国商业银行绩效的关键因素时,本文以产业组织理论中的"市场势力"假说(MP)和"效率结构"假说(ES)为理论指导,在检验这两类假说时,首先需要界定清楚市场结构、效率和绩效的研究内容,然后再应用计量手段,采用实证分析方法,重点检验市场结构与绩效、效率与绩效之间的关系,从而找到决定我国商业银行绩效的关键因素,为银行业的改革提供实证支持。首先,本文运用结构法和非结构法全面检验了我国银行业目前的市场结构和垄断竞争情况。检验结果表明我国银行业目前的市场结构具有非常明显的垄断竞争的市场特征,明确了我国银行业改革的市场环境,并为进一步研究市场结构和绩效之间的关系做了铺垫。其次,效率的测度是检验"市场势力"假说(MP)和"效率结构"假说(ES)的关键。本文的效率是指企业在投入要素一定时,实际产出和潜在产出之间的比率,即生产效率。本文运用SFA方法和frontier4.1软件测算了我国商业银行的生产效率水平,测算结果表明我国商业银行的生产效率整体表现都不错,国有银行和非国有银行对比来看,国有银行的生产效率表现要好于非国有银行,但两者之间的差距并没有很大。随着时间的推进,生产效率的增长速度逐渐放缓,生产效率的继续改善遇到了瓶颈,为了打破这一瓶颈,为银行生产效率的继续提高开辟新途径,本文进一步通过实证分析证明了不良贷款率、银行规模、资本充足率、股权集中度和存贷比等经营方面的因素对我国商业银行的生产效率具有显著的影响,为本文最后研究效率和绩效之间的关系做了铺垫。最后,本文针对"市场势力"假说(MP)和"效率结构"假说(ES)进行了实证检验。本文所研究的绩效综合反映了银行在一定的会计年度内参与全部市场活动和受各种因素影响以后的盈利情况。在这部分研究中本文首次注意到运用SFA方法测算出来的银行生产效率与绩效的衡量指标ROA、ROE之间具有相关关系,所以本文在最后的回归分析中并没有直接将生产效率带入到回归方程中,而是将影响生产效率的主要因素带入到回归方程中。实证结果否定了"市场势力"假说(MP),"效率结构"假说(ES)得到了部分证据的支持和肯定,所以银行应该特别重视和生产效率有关的自身内部运行机制的改善。另外,针对HHI指数和银行绩效具有显著的负相关关系的回归结果,本文做出了解释,明确了两者之间显著的负相关关系是由生产效率因素造成的。
[Abstract]:In recent years, our government aims at improving the performance and competitiveness of Chinese commercial banks. In order to put forward reasonable reform proposals, it is necessary to make clear the key factors that affect the performance of commercial banks in China. In order to find the key factors that affect the performance of commercial banks in China, this paper is guided by the "market forces" hypothesis and the "efficiency structure" hypothesis in the industrial organization theory, and tests these two hypotheses. First of all, we need to define the research content of market structure, efficiency and performance, then use econometric methods to test the relationship between market structure and performance, efficiency and performance, and then use empirical analysis method to test the relationship between market structure and performance, efficiency and performance. Thus, the key factors to determine the performance of commercial banks in China are found to provide empirical support for the reform of the banking industry. Firstly, this paper uses the structural method and the unstructured method to examine the current market structure and monopoly competition of China's banking industry. The test results show that the current market structure of Chinese banking industry has very obvious market characteristics of monopoly competition. It clarifies the market environment of banking reform in China and lays the groundwork for further study on the relationship between market structure and performance. Secondly, the measurement of efficiency is the key to test the "market forces" hypothesis and the "efficiency structure" hypothesis. Efficiency in this paper refers to the ratio between actual output and potential output, that is, production efficiency. This paper uses SFA method and frontier4.1 software to calculate the production efficiency level of commercial banks in China. The results show that the overall production efficiency of commercial banks in China is good. The comparison between state-owned banks and non-state-owned banks shows that the production efficiency of commercial banks in China is better than that of non-state-owned banks. The production efficiency of state-owned banks is better than that of non-state-owned banks, but the gap between them is not very big. With the development of time, the growth rate of production efficiency has slowed down gradually, and the continuous improvement of production efficiency has met with a bottleneck. In order to break this bottleneck, it opens up a new way for the further improvement of bank production efficiency. Through the empirical analysis, this paper proves that the management factors, such as non-performing loan ratio, bank size, capital adequacy ratio, equity concentration ratio and deposit-loan ratio, have a significant impact on the production efficiency of commercial banks in China. It paves the way for the final study of the relationship between efficiency and performance. Finally, this paper makes an empirical test on the "market forces" hypothesis and the "efficiency structure" hypothesis. The performance of this paper reflects the profit situation of banks after participating in all market activities and influenced by various factors in a certain fiscal year. In this part of the study, for the first time, we noticed the correlation between ROAROE, a measure of bank productivity and performance, which is measured by SFA method. Therefore, in the final regression analysis, the production efficiency is not directly brought into the regression equation, but the main factors that affect the production efficiency are brought into the regression equation. The empirical results negate the "market forces" hypothesis and the "efficiency structure" hypothesis. Therefore, banks should pay special attention to the improvement of their own internal operating mechanism related to production efficiency. In addition, in view of the regression results of the significant negative correlation between HHI index and bank performance, this paper explains that the significant negative correlation between HHI index and bank performance is caused by the factor of production efficiency.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F832.1

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