产权理论的发展历程及其对我国国有企业改革的启示

发布时间：2018-06-29 19:07

本文选题：产权理论 + 发展　；参考：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：2017年政府工作报告指出,国企改革仍是今年的重点工作之一,国企混合所有制改革是结构性供给侧改革的主线。这说明国有企业改革的核心和主要内容是国有产权制度的改革,而产权制度改革当然要有科学的产权理论作为依据。从我国理论界看,近年来对产权理论进行了不少研究,也取得了不少成果,但还是有不少争议,如产权的具体含义、产权制度类型及其选择标准、产权具体的组织形式以及如何建立现代产权制度等问题上,有诸多歧见。本文用历史的视角,辩证地阐述了产权理论发展的不同阶段。作为一个相对完整的理论体系,产权理论是从马克思主义经济学诞生之后才有的,之后,新制度经济学派对新古典经济学进行了一些修正,将产权纳入其分析框架,形成了西方产权理论。本文先考察了马克思主义产权理论的产生和发展过程,详细分析了不同阶段马克思有关产权思想的探索。其大体是从黑格尔的唯心哲学观看待私有制转向初步的唯物主义产权观,再把对产权的研究从法学和哲学领域转向经济学领域,进而又在具体的社会历史条件下对产权加深了认识,最后指出产权的真正本质是体现在社会生产关系中的,它是社会生产关系的总和,至此建立了产权分析的科学框架,并据此对资本主义私有制及其运动进行深刻的分析和批判,提出了公有制代替私有制是生产力发展的必然结果,是分工发展的必然要求。相应地,本文对西方产权理论的产生和发展也进行了追溯和梳理。古典经济学家认为私有财产制度和自由放任的市场机制促进经济增长,但之后的新古典经济学家把私有财产的初始分配看成了经济学分析前提而忽略了产权问题,由于新古典对现实经济社会的解释力太差,到20世纪30年代产权理论开始兴起并形成,科斯的《企业的性质》发表标志着现代西方产权理论的系统提出,1960年他在《社会成本问题》中明确提出交易成本的概念,这本书的核心思想被后来的斯蒂格勒定义为科斯定理,科斯定理成为西方产权理论的核心,之后在科斯开辟的产权研究领域,一些西方学者又提出了现代企业理论和委托代理理论等。通过分析和对比马克思主义产权理论和西方产权理论,不难发现马克思产权理论的视角更广,尤其是在揭示产权的本质和宏观层面产权制度的发展规律上胜于西方产权理论,而西方产权理论以提高经济绩效为中心的产权权利束配置的思想完全可以在改变私有制的前提下为我所用。我国是社会主义国家,必须要保证社会主义基本经济制度,所以要坚持公有产权的主体地位,同时引入多元产权主体,实现有效激励和约束。国有企业可以发展由国有产权控股的混合所有制经济,形成多元化的产权结构,提高经济效率。国企产权改革还要加强核心性制度建设和支持性制度建设,降低委托——代理成本,创造出一种竞争性的制度环境,盘活国有经济,使国有企业更好地实现经济效益和担当社会责任。
[Abstract]:The government work report in 2017 indicates that the reform of state-owned enterprises is still one of the key work of this year. The reform of the mixed ownership system of state-owned enterprises is the main line of structural supply side reform. This shows that the core and main content of the reform of state-owned enterprises is the reform of the state-owned property rights system, and the reform of the property right system should be based on the scientific property right theory. In the country's theoretical circle, many studies have been carried out on the theory of property rights in recent years, and many achievements have been made. However, there are still many disputes. There are many differences, such as the specific meaning of property right, the type of property right system and its selection criteria, the specific organization form of property right and how to establish the system of modern property rights. This paper expounds the different stages of the development of the theory of property rights. As a relatively complete theoretical system, the theory of property rights is only after the birth of Marx's economics. After that, new institutional economics has been revised to some new classical economics, and the property right is incorporated into its analytical framework and the western property rights theory has been formed. The process of the emergence and development of Marx's theory of property right is a detailed analysis of Marx's exploration of property rights in different stages. It is mainly from the idealism of Hagel's idealism to the initial materialist view of property rights, and then to the study of property rights from the field of law and philosophy to the field of economics, and then in particular. In the social and historical conditions, it deepened the understanding of property rights. Finally, it pointed out that the real essence of property right was embodied in the social production relationship. It was the sum of social production relations. At the point, the scientific framework of property right analysis was established. On this basis, the capitalist private system and its movement were deeply analyzed and criticized, and the public ownership was replaced by the private system. It is the inevitable result of the development of the productive forces and the inevitable requirement of the development of the division of labor. Accordingly, this article traces back and combs the emergence and development of the theory of western property rights. The classical economists believe that the private property system and the laissez faire market mechanism promote economic growth, but the new classical economists later put the initial private property. The initial distribution is regarded as the premise of economic analysis and neglects the problem of property rights. Because of the poor explanatory power of the neo classical to the real economy and society, the theory of property rights began to rise and form in 1930s. The character of Kos's "the nature of the enterprise" marks the system of modern western property theory. In 1960, he made sure that "the problem of social cost" was clearly mentioned. The concept of transaction cost, the core idea of this book was defined by later Stiegler as the Kos theorem, the Kos theorem became the core of the western property rights theory, and then in the field of property rights research opened by Kos, some western scholars have put forward the modern enterprise theory and the principal-agent theory. Through the analysis and comparison of Marx's property rights, some western scholars have analyzed and compared Marx's property rights. Theory and western property rights theory, it is not difficult to find that Marx's property right theory has a wider perspective, especially in the nature of property rights and the law of the development of property right system in the macro level, and the idea of the right bundle of property rights centered on the improvement of economic performance in western property rights theory can completely change private ownership. Under the premise, our country is a socialist country. We must guarantee the basic economic system of socialism. Therefore, we must adhere to the main position of public property rights, and introduce the subject of multiple property rights to achieve effective incentives and constraints. In order to improve economic efficiency, the reform of property rights of state-owned enterprises should also strengthen the construction of core system and support system, reduce the agency cost, create a competitive institutional environment, reactivate the state economy, and make the state-owned enterprises better economic benefits and responsibility for social responsibility.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F276.1;F271

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