农业合作化运动中的农民行为:基于行为经济学的研究视角

发布时间：2018-10-08 12:51

【摘要】：新中国初年农业合作化运动的顺利推进,有赖于农民对党和政府号召的响应与配合。农民的积极入社行为,并非理性思考之后的自觉行为,而是在崇拜心理、憧憬心理和从众心理三种心理支使下的有限理性行为。高级合作化实现以后,高级社的实际绩效低于农民高级社经营心理账户的参照点,农民特别是富裕中农感到失望,失望之后选择了退出高级社,于是出现了1956—1957年的退社风潮。退社风潮之后,党在农村开展了整社运动和两条道路的大辩论。之后,原来闹退社的农民不再要求退社,已经退社的农民又强烈要求回到合作社,本来没有入社的单干户也纷纷要求入社。农民行为发生如此大的转变,并非出于对高级社的热爱,而是出于沉淀成本和机会成本的考虑。
[Abstract]:The smooth advancement of the agricultural cooperative movement in the early years of New China depends on the response and cooperation of the peasants to the call of the Party and the government. The farmers' positive behavior of joining the society is not the conscious behavior after rational thinking, but the limited rational behavior under the guidance of the psychology of worship, longing and conformity. After the realization of the high-level cooperative, the actual performance of the senior cooperative was lower than the reference point of the psychological account for the management of the senior peasant society, and the peasants, especially the rich and middle peasants, were disappointed, and then they chose to withdraw from the senior society. So there was a wave of withdrawal from 1956-1957. After the wave of withdrawal, the Party launched a whole-society movement and two major debates in the countryside. After that, the peasants who had retired from the co-operatives no longer wanted to do so, and the peasants who had withdrawn from the co-operatives urged them to return to the co-operatives, and the single-person households who had not joined the co-operatives also demanded to join the co-operatives one after another. The change of farmers' behavior is not out of love with the high society, but out of the consideration of precipitation cost and opportunity cost.
【作者单位】：湖南工业大学经济与贸易学院;中南财经政法大学经济史研究中心;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目“中国特色农业合作道路形成发展的经济史研究(16BJL018)” 湖南省社科基金项目“中国式农业合作道路的历史演进研究”(14YBA146)的阶段性成果之一
【分类号】：F329

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