安徽省应用型本科院校创新创业导师队伍建设：现状、影响因素及对策

发布时间：2019-01-20 15:16

【摘要】：应用型本科院校创新创业导师队伍建设是推进应用型本科院校大学生创新创业教育的基础和重要环节。安徽省应用型本科院校创新创业导师队伍建设正处于探索时期,论文以安徽科技学院、合肥学院、铜陵学院、以及皖西学院为代表院校,认识其创新创业导师队伍建设的现状,分析影响其发展的因素,以便为推进创新创业导师队伍发展提供建设性思路。安徽省应用型本科院校创新创业导师队伍的发展现状可以归纳为以下六个方面。第一,从数量上看,安徽省应用型本科院校创新创业导师的规模较小。第二,从结构上看,类型结构——可以划分为通识课教师、指导类教师、专业类教师、和管理服务类教师;任职结构——可以分为校内专职、校外兼职和外聘教师;职称结构——外聘导师中拥有高级职称的人数较多;第三,从教师引聘看,主要有三种方式:自荐、推荐和邀请。第四,从管理上看,基本都成立了与大学生创新创业教育相关的机构或学院。第五,从培养培训上看,以"双能型"教师为重点进行建设。第六,从教师考评上看,在绩效考核和职务评审中纳入教师参与创新创业教育的表现。安徽省应用型本科院校创新创业导师队伍建设的经验体现在三个方面:"双能型"教师队伍提供了建设契机;浓厚的创新创业教育氛围提供了建设环境;政府支持提供了建设方向。但是,安徽省应用型本科院校创新创业导师队伍建设在探索过程中也存在一些问题,具体表现为创新创业导师数量有待扩大;创新创业导师结构有待调整;创新创业导师管理有待规范;创新创业导师质量有待提升。影响安徽省应用型本科院校创新创业导师队伍建设的主要因素有四个方面,即教师本身——热情有余而专业性不佳;高校——氛围浓厚而系统性不强;政府——政策扶持而操作性不强;社会——提供支持而凝聚力不够。结合安徽省应用型本科院校的发展实际,利用应用型本科院校的优势,将其创新创业导师的培养与双能型教师的培养相结合,打造以教育主管部门为引力、高校为主导、企业为助力的全方位合作体系。即对于教育主管部门来说,需要发挥应有职能,建立创新创业导师专业标准,提供创新创业教育发展平台。对于高等学校来说,需要做到丰富来源,储备人才;专兼结合,完善结构;多元培养,提高质量;校企合作,导师创业;加强管理,留住人才;优胜劣汰,完善考评。对于企业来说,需要提供各种中介服务,构建创新创业教育公共资源平台,优化创业环境。最终,通过教育主管部门、高等学校和企业合力打造高水平、职业化、专业化的应用型本科院校创新创业导师队伍,提高创新创业教育的整体实力。
[Abstract]:The construction of innovative and entrepreneurial tutors in applied undergraduate colleges is the foundation and important link to promote the innovative entrepreneurship education of applied undergraduate students. The construction of innovative and entrepreneurial tutors in applied undergraduate colleges in Anhui Province is in the period of exploration. This paper takes Anhui Institute of Science and Technology, Hefei University, Tongling College and West Anhui University as the representative colleges to understand the current situation of the construction of innovative and entrepreneurial tutors. This paper analyzes the factors that influence its development in order to provide constructive ideas for promoting the development of innovative and entrepreneurial mentors. The present situation of innovative and entrepreneurial tutors in applied colleges and universities in Anhui Province can be summed up in the following six aspects. First, from a quantitative point of view, Anhui applied-oriented undergraduate colleges and universities innovation and entrepreneurship of the small scale. Second, from the structural point of view, the type structure-can be divided into general education teachers, guidance teachers, professional teachers, and management services teachers; the post structure-can be divided into full-time, part-time and outside school teachers; Professional title structure-the number of external mentors with senior titles is more; third, from the teacher recruitment, there are three main ways: self-recommendation, recommendation and invitation. Fourth, from the management point of view, the establishment of institutions or colleges related to innovative entrepreneurship education for college students. Fifth, from the training point of view, the "dual-ability" teachers as the focus of construction. Sixth, from the teacher evaluation point of view, the performance of teachers participating in innovative entrepreneurship education is included in the performance appraisal and job evaluation. There are three aspects of experience in the construction of innovative entrepreneurship tutors in applied undergraduate colleges in Anhui Province: the "double energy" teachers provide the opportunity for construction, the strong atmosphere of innovation and entrepreneurship education provides the construction environment; Government support provides direction for construction. However, there are some problems in the construction of innovative and entrepreneurial mentors in applied colleges and universities in Anhui Province, including the number of innovative mentors to be expanded, the structure of innovative entrepreneurial mentors to be adjusted. The management of innovative tutors needs to be standardized, and the quality of innovative mentors needs to be improved. There are four main factors that affect the construction of innovative and entrepreneurial tutors in applied undergraduate colleges in Anhui Province, namely, teachers themselves are more enthusiastic and less professional, colleges and universities have a strong atmosphere and a weak system, and the following are the main factors that affect the construction of innovative and entrepreneurial tutors in applied colleges and universities in Anhui Province. The government-policy support is not operational; the society-provides support and cohesion is not enough. Combined with the development practice of the applied undergraduate colleges in Anhui Province, this paper combines the cultivation of innovative and entrepreneurial mentors with the cultivation of dual-energy teachers by utilizing the advantages of the applied undergraduate colleges and universities, so as to make the department in charge of education as the gravitational force and the universities as the leading force. Enterprises for the support of the full-directional cooperation system. That is to say, for the education department, it is necessary to give play to its due function, establish the professional standard of innovative entrepreneurship tutor, and provide the development platform of innovative entrepreneurship education. For colleges and universities, it is necessary to enrich the sources, reserve talents, combine with each other, perfect the structure, cultivate multiple elements, improve the quality, cooperate with enterprises, initiate businesses, strengthen management and retain talents, eliminate the fittest and perfect the evaluation. For enterprises, it is necessary to provide various intermediary services, to build a public resource platform for innovative entrepreneurship education and to optimize the entrepreneurial environment. Finally, through the education department, the university and the enterprise work together to build the high level, the professionalization, the specialized applied undergraduate university innovation entrepreneurship tutor troop, enhances the innovation entrepreneurship education overall strength.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G647.38

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