中国科学院科技体制变迁与科技文化

发布时间：2017-12-30 20:21

本文关键词：中国科学院科技体制变迁与科技文化　出处：《山西大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：科学技术的发展既需要科技体制的硬性手段来作为保障,也离不开科技文化的软环境来作为发展的思想基础和社会基础。而体制和文化本身又具有引力和张力,既保持自身的相对独立又互相影响和促进,共同推动科学技术的健康良性发展。中国科学院伴随中华人民共和国的诞生而建立,自1949年11月1日正式成立,至今已有60多年的历史。60多年来,中国科学院已经从建院初期连院部办公室都需要租借,发展为至今包括99个研究院所、22个其他院直属事业单位和23家院投资控股企业的规模宏大的国家科学院。中国科学院的建立是我国学习苏联的集中型科技体制的结果,与我国当时的计划经济体制能够有效融合,与马克思主义和毛泽东思想对科学技术的看法能够和谐统一,科技体制与科技文化相互适应,在一段时期内集中型科技体制促进了科技的进步。改革开放后随着我国经济体制改革的不断深化,经济体制的改革变化必然会影响到科技体制。中国科学院经历了恢复与调整两个阶段,适应了市场经济发展要求,实现了科技体制由高度集中的计划型体制向更加注重科技同经济、轻工业等社会生活领域相结合的,更为宽松、自主,并且更能发挥科学技术的创新性的市场经济型体制的过渡。中国科学院作为建国后中国科技体制的重要组成部分之一,在我国科技发展史上发挥了重要作用,它的机构设置、研究体系的变迁过程是整个国家科研体制发展史的缩影,与当时社会大的科技文化环境息息相关。本文以中国科学院的发展史为切入点,从科技体制和科技文化的相互影响、相互促进的角度来研究中国科学院的历史变迁过程,进一步对我国科技体制和科技文化的建设提出有益的建议。
[Abstract]:The development of science and technology needs not only the hard means of science and technology system as a guarantee, but also the soft environment of science and technology culture as the ideological basis and social basis of development, and the system and culture itself have gravity and tension. It not only maintains its relative independence, but also influences and promotes each other, and promotes the healthy development of science and technology. The Chinese Academy of Sciences was established with the birth of the people's Republic of China. Since November 1st 1949, it has been established for more than 60 years. The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) has grown to include 99 research institutes from the initial stage when it was established and even its departmental offices need to be leased. The establishment of the Chinese Academy of Sciences is the result of China's study of the Soviet Union's centralized science and technology system. It can be integrated effectively with the planned economy system of our country at that time, and can harmoniously unify with Marxism and Mao Zedong thought to the view of science and technology, science and technology system and science and technology culture mutually adapt to each other. In a period of time, the centralized science and technology system has promoted the progress of science and technology. After the reform and opening up, with the deepening of China's economic system reform. The reform of the economic system will inevitably affect the scientific and technological system. The Chinese Academy of Sciences has experienced two stages of recovery and adjustment to meet the requirements of the development of the market economy. We have achieved a more relaxed and independent science and technology system from a highly centralized planning system to one that pays more attention to the integration of science and technology with the economy, light industry, and other fields of social life. And more can play science and technology innovative market economy system transition. The Chinese Academy of Sciences, as one of the important components of China's science and technology system after the founding of the people's Republic of China, has played an important role in the development of science and technology in China. The changing process of the research system is the epitome of the history of the whole national scientific research system, which is closely related to the scientific and cultural environment of the society at that time. This paper takes the development history of the Chinese Academy of Sciences as the starting point. From the angle of mutual influence and mutual promotion of science and technology system and science and technology culture, this paper studies the historical vicissitude of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and puts forward some useful suggestions for the construction of science and technology system and science and technology culture in China.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：G322

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