论科学越轨行为的防治

发布时间：2018-01-02 17:39

本文关键词：论科学越轨行为的防治　出处：《湖北大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近几年来,科学越轨已成为学术界的一个热门话题,其影响范围已远远超出了科学界而扩展到了整个社会领域,引起广泛的社会反响。科学的纯洁性被质疑,这不仅关乎到科学本身的公众形象而且关系到社会的发展进步。鉴于此,本研究从科学越轨行为产生的内外因入手,并因此提出相应的建设性的建议,为科学界的纯净尽微薄之力。关于科学越轨,国外作了很多研究,较早的有代表性的是默顿的规范理论,该理论被认为是关于科学家及其集体活动模式最著名的研究。影响较大的著作如美国W·布德、N·韦德合著的《背叛真理的人们》,该书以大量作伪背景、材料为基础,分析了越轨行为取得成功的社会原因和心理因素。其他还有库恩的《科学革命的结构》、利特·朱克曼的《科学界的精英》、加斯顿的《科学社会秩序》等等,这些著作分别从不同方面论述了越轨产生的原因及其社会控制,为后来者的研究打下了基础。在我国,科学社会学的研究起步较晚,一直到1986年全国首届科学学术讨论会召开后才开始进行独立的科学社会学研究。对于科学活动中越轨行为的研究,仅仅局限于论文上,而且多以介绍性为主。但随着大科学(BigScience)时代的到来,科学本身越来越被认为是某些社会问题或者是许多社会问题的根源。因此,科学社会学的研究需要进一步地创新与发展,才能与之相适应。本文从社会学的角度运用案例研究法、文献法和数字法等方法,对“科学活动中的越轨行为”进行了一些研究。这些研究内容包括：科学越轨行为的认识、界定、表现、越轨行为产生的内外原因以及越轨行为的防治措施。本文取得的主要研究成果有：找到了越轨行为产生的主要原因；从多角度论述了越轨行为的防治措施。本文的创新之处： 1、从内因和外因两个方面研究分析了越轨行为产生的原因； 2、在越轨行为防治措施中,结合科学技术本身,充分利用互联网,为待评对象建立聊天室,实行网上匿名讨论,充分发挥网络的监督作用。
[Abstract]:In recent years, scientific deviance has become a hot topic in academic circles, and its influence has been far beyond the scientific community and expanded to the whole social field, causing widespread social repercussions. The purity of science has been questioned. This is not only related to the public image of science itself but also to the development and progress of society. In view of this, this study starts with the internal and external causes of scientific deviant behavior, and therefore puts forward corresponding constructive suggestions. To contribute to the purity of the scientific community. There have been many studies on scientific deviance abroad, and the earlier representative is Merton's normative theory. The theory is thought to be one of the most famous studies of scientists and their collective patterns of activity. The most influential works, such as the people who betray the Truth, are co-authored by Wed and NWade in the United States, with a large number of false backgrounds. Based on the material, we analyzed the social and psychological factors that led to the success of deviant behavior, as well as Kuhn's the structure of the Scientific Revolution, and Litt Zuckerman's the Scientific Elite. Gaston's Science and Social order and so on, these works respectively discuss the causes of deviance from different aspects and social control, which lays a foundation for the study of latecomers. In China, the research of sociology of science started late. It was not until 1986 that the first national symposium on science began to conduct independent research on sociology of science. The study of deviant behavior in scientific activities was limited to papers. But with the advent of the Big Science era, science itself is increasingly considered to be the source of some social problems or many social problems. The research of sociology of science needs further innovation and development in order to adapt to it. From the angle of sociology, this paper makes some research on "deviant behavior in scientific activities" by using the methods of case study, literature method and digital method. These research contents include: the understanding of scientific deviant behavior. Define, express, cause and control the deviant behavior. The main research results of this paper are as follows: to find out the main causes of deviant behavior, and to discuss the prevention and cure measures of deviant behavior from many angles. The innovations of this paper are as follows: 1. The causes of deviant behavior are analyzed from internal and external causes. 2. In the prevention and cure measures of deviant behavior, combining with science and technology itself, we should make full use of the Internet, set up chat room for the object to be evaluated, carry out anonymous discussion on the net, and give full play to the supervision function of the network.
【学位授予单位】：湖北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：G301

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