2015年中国重大科学、技术和工程进展

发布时间：2018-03-28 06:03

  本文选题：中国　切入点：重大科学进展　出处：《科技导报》2016年03期

【摘要】：本着分门别类、本刊推荐、专家遴选、宁缺毋滥、叙述事实的原则,从国内外重要科技期刊和科技新闻媒体所报道的中国科技成果中,按科学、技术、工程3个类别,由《科技导报》编辑部遴选、推荐候选条目,经《科技导报》编委、审稿人等专家通信评选,推选出2015年中国重大科学、技术、工程进展30项。1)2015年中国重大科学进展10项:基于蛋白C受体标记识别出多能性乳腺干细胞;农业技术革新促使史前人类永久定居青藏高原;计算模拟出1种五元环石墨烯;实验示范单光子多自由度量子隐形传态;发现1个中心黑洞质量为120亿太阳质量、红移为6.3的超亮类星体;理论预言和实验验证外尔半金属;解析人类原始生殖细胞的转录组与DNA甲基组图景;解析酵母剪接体对信使RNA前体行使剪接的结构基础;揭示阻断机体免疫炎症过度反应的表观遗传修饰机制;测量反质子—反质子间的相互作用。2)2015年中国重大技术进展10项:核电站控制棒系统验收,核反应堆"心脏"实现中国造;中国原创抗癌新药西达本胺获准全球上市;中海油攻克海上"双高"气田开发世界级难题;世界首个自主运动可变形液态金属机器问世;室温大气环境下单蛋白质分子的磁共振探测;中国研发出世界首台医院中子照射器;胶体量子点微型光谱仪研制成功;制备出大面积高质量二维超薄Mo2C超导晶体;高效低成本光催化制氢材料研发成功;中国研制出世界最高效固态量子存储器。3)2015年中国重大工程进展10项:中国成功研制世界先进水平航天器"发动机";中国首列"永磁高铁"试跑成功;EAST辅助加热系统验收;中国新一代北斗导航卫星准确入轨;长征六号点火发射成功,一箭20星创亚洲之最;首台万米级无人潜水器和着陆器4000 m级海试成功;首架国产大飞机下线;大型反场箍缩磁约束聚变实验装置"科大一环"建成运行;世界最大球面射电望远镜馈源舱在贵州升舱;中国暗物质粒子探测卫星"悟空"发射成功。
[Abstract]:In line with the principle of categorization, recommendation of this journal, selection of experts, and narration of facts, according to the three categories of science and technology, technology and engineering reported by important scientific and technological periodicals and scientific and technological news media at home and abroad, Selected by the editorial department of the "Science and Technology Guide", recommended candidate entries, selected by the editorial Committee of the "Science and Technology Guide" and selected by experts, such as reviewers, etc., China's major science and technology were selected for 2015. In 2015, 10 major scientific advances were made in China: identification of pluripotent mammary stem cells based on protein C receptor markers; agricultural technological innovation that prompted prehistoric humans to settle permanently on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau; calculation and simulation of a pentacyclic graphene; The experiment demonstrates the quantum teleportation of single photon and multi-degree-of-freedom, and finds a super-bright quasar with a mass of 12 billion solar mass and a redshift of 6.3, which is theoretically predicted and experimentally verified. The transcriptome of human primordial germ cells and DNA methyl-histogram were analyzed, the structural basis of yeast splicing on messenger RNA precursors was analyzed, and the epigenetic modification mechanism of blocking immune inflammation overreaction was revealed. Measuring the interaction between antiproton and antiproton. 2) in 2015, there were 10 major technological advances in China: acceptance of nuclear power plant control rod system, realization of "heart" of nuclear reactor made in China, approval of the global market of Chinese original anticancer drug cilabenamine; CNOOC conquers the world class problem of "Shuanggao" gas field development; the world's first self-moving deformable liquid metal machine comes out; the room temperature atmosphere environment sends out the order protein molecular magnetic resonance detection; China has developed the world's first hospital neutron irradiator; the colloidal quantum dot microspectrometer has been successfully developed; a large area and high quality two-dimensional ultra-thin Mo2C superconducting crystal has been prepared; China has developed the world's most efficient solid-state quantum memory .3) China has made 10 major projects in 2015: China has successfully developed the "engine" of the world's advanced spacecraft, the first series of "permanent magnet high-speed" has been successfully tested and tested, and the acceptance of the East auxiliary heating system has been successfully completed. China's new generation Beidou navigation satellite is in orbit accurately; long March 6 is fired successfully, one arrow 20 stars is the most in Asia; the first 10,000 meter class unmanned submersible and lander 4000 m sea test; the first large domestic aircraft off line; A large anti-field pinch magnetic confinement fusion experimental device, "the first ring of HKUST", was built and put into operation; the feed module of the world's largest spherical radio telescope was upgraded in Guizhou; and the Chinese dark matter particle detection satellite "Wukong" was successfully launched.
【作者单位】： 《科技导报》编辑部;
【分类号】：G322
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本文编号：1675051