我国科研数据管理与共享政策保障研究

发布时间：2018-05-02 13:08

  本文选题：科研数据管理 + 科研数据共享　； 参考：《武汉大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：科研数据是人类社会科技活动所产生的数据、资料,以及按照不同需求而系统加工的数据产品和相关信息。它既是科技活动的产物,又是支撑科学研究及科技创新的基本资源,同时也是政府部门制定政策、进行科学决策的重要依据。科研数据的管理与共享已成为各国的重要战略目标,受到国际组织、政府部门及研究机构的高度重视。通过制定完善的科研数据管理与共享政策,以规范、引导和推动科研数据的管理与共享实践是国外发达国家的普遍做法。美国、英国、澳大利亚等发达国家均已制定了较完善的科研数据管理与共享政策,并取得了较好的效果,可供我国参考借鉴。 本文的目的是在调查了解科研数据管理与共享的政策需求和分析借鉴国外科研数据管理与共享经验的基础上,对我国的科研数据管理与共享政策进行研究探讨,从而为我国的科研数据管理与共享实践提供政策保障。论文共包括7个部分,主要内容如下： 第0章绪论。介绍选题背景与研究意义,梳理国内外有关科研数据管理与共享的研究与实践,明确研究目标、研究内容和研究方法。 第1章理论基础。考察了信息资源管理与共享理论、信息生命周期理论对科研数据管理与共享实践的指导意义。科研数据是一种具有重要价值的信息资源,应运用信息资源管理与共享理论对其进行良好管理、开发利用和共享,以实现数据价值的最大化。同时,科研数据在产生和利用的不同阶段有着不同的特点,应根据信息生命周期理论,对处于不同阶段的数据采取不同的管理和利用策略,从而以最小的成本获得最大的效益。 第2章我国科研数据管理与共享的政策需求调查。为了解我国科研人员对科研数据收集、管理、保存和共享的现状及对政策的需求,为政策的制定提供依据,笔者对我国科研数据管理与共享的政策需求进行了调查。调查结果显示,我国科研人员缺少数据管理的意识和专业技能,科研数据保存与管理的现状不容乐观。我国科研人员共享数据的途径以人际关系为主,由于科研数据共享不充分给科研人员获取数据带来了较大困难。绝大多数调查对象赞成制定科研数据管理与共享政策,但对政策的制定与实施也存在着一些担心和顾虑。 第3章国内外科研数据管理与共享政策的调查。为了解国内外有关科研数据管理与共享政策的现状,笔者对国内外的科研数据政策法规进行了调查。其中国外的调查对象以美国、英国、加拿大、澳大利亚等国为主,分别调查了国内外科研资助管理机构、科研单位及其他部门和机构制定的科研数据管理与共享政策。调查结果表明,英美两国的科研资助管理机构和科研单位都制定了较完善的科研数据管理与共享政策,有效地保障了科研数据管理与共享实践。而我国大多数科研资助管理机构和科研单位尚未制定相关政策,不利于我国科研数据管理与共享实践的发展。 第4章国内外科研数据管理与共享政策的分析。在第三章的调查基础上,笔者分别对国内外科研数据管理与共享的政策进行了深入分析,发现国外的科研数据管理与共享政策大都要求科研人员在科研项目开始前制定科学合理的数据管理计划,并以数据管理计划为基础推动科研数据的管理与共享,同时这些政策有着较强的可执行与可实施性。我国已有的科研数据管理与共享政策主要是由科学数据共享工程的各数据共享中心制定的。与国外的数据管理与共享政策相比,我国的科研数据政策在指导思想上存在着“重管理轻共享”的特点。 第5章我国科研数据管理与共享政策的制定。在调查了解科研数据管理与共享的政策需求和对比分析国内外科研数据管理与共享政策现状及特点的基础上,笔者基于科研数据生命周期理论提出了我国科研数据管理与共享政策。政策的体系包括国家层面的相关法律法规、科研资助管理机构的数据政策及指南、科研单位的数据管理与共享政策等三个层面的政策。其中,国家层面的政策包括“科研数据共享法”、“政府信息公开法”、“保密法”、“隐私保护法”、“知识产权法”等法律法规；科研资助与管理机构层面的政策包括“科研数据管理与共享政策”、“数据汇交政策”等；科研单位的政策包括“本单位的科研数据管理与共享政策”、“知识产权政策”、“学术规范政策”、“数据保密政策”等。 第6章我国科研数据管理与共享政策的实施。科研数据管理与共享政策制定的目的是为了推动我国科研数据的管理与共享,实现数据价值最大化。因而,政策的有效落实和实施是关键。本章提出了政策实施的保障措施：完善相关支持政策、建立科研数据管理与共享的支持与服务机制、多途径的经费投入与支持机制以及建立科研数据管理与共享的考核与评价机制等,从而保障政策的顺利实施。 第7章结语。对全文进行梳理,提炼观点,并对今后的研究方向提出展望。本文是中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“我国科学数据共享保障机制研究”(2012104010205)和教育部人文社会科学研究项目“我国科学数据集成与共享的保障研究”(13YJA870016)课题成果之一。
[Abstract]:Scientific research data is the data and data produced by human social science and technology activities , and the data products and related information which are processed according to different needs . It is not only the product of scientific and technological activities , but also the important basis for supporting scientific research and technological innovation . It is a common practice in developed countries to regulate , guide and promote the management and sharing of scientific research data .

The purpose of this paper is to study the policy needs and analysis of scientific data management and sharing , and to study the data management and sharing policy in our country .

Chapter 0 introduces the background and significance of the topic selection , and sorts out the research and practice on the data management and sharing of scientific research at home and abroad , and makes clear the research goal , the research content and the research method .

On the basis of chapter 1 , the guiding significance of information resource management and sharing theory and information life cycle theory to scientific research data management and sharing practice is studied . Scientific research data is a kind of information resource with important value . It should be managed , exploited and shared by information resource management and sharing theory to maximize data value . At the same time , the data of scientific research has different characteristics in different stages of production and utilization .

In order to understand the current situation and demand of scientific research data collection , management , preservation and sharing of scientific research data in our country , the author makes a survey on the policy needs of scientific data management and sharing in our country . The survey results show that the research data management and sharing policy needs of our country is not optimistic . The survey results show that the data sharing of scientific research personnel is mainly in interpersonal relationship . Most of the research objects are in favor of developing scientific data management and sharing policies , but there are some concerns and concerns about the formulation and implementation of policy .

In order to understand the current situation of scientific research data management and sharing policy at home and abroad , the author surveys the research data management and sharing policies at home and abroad .

In chapter 3 , the author analyzes the policy of scientific data management and sharing at home and abroad , and finds out that the research data management and sharing policy in foreign countries most require scientific research personnel to establish scientific and reasonable data management plan before the beginning of scientific research project , and to promote the management and sharing of scientific research data based on data management plan .

On the base of investigating the current situation and characteristics of scientific data management and sharing at home and abroad , the author puts forward the policy of scientific research data management and sharing based on the data life cycle theory of scientific research .
The policy of scientific research financing and management organization level includes " scientific data management and sharing policy " , " data exchange policy " , etc . ;
The policies of scientific research institutes include " scientific data management and sharing policies of the unit " , " intellectual property policy " , " academic standardization policy " , " data confidentiality policy " , etc .

Chapter 6 The implementation of scientific data management and sharing policy in China . The purpose of the research data management and sharing policy is to promote the management and sharing of scientific research data in our country and to maximize the data value . Therefore , the effective implementation and implementation of the policy are key . This chapter puts forward the safeguard measures of policy implementation : to perfect the relevant supporting policy , to establish the support and service mechanism of scientific research data management and sharing , to establish the evaluation and evaluation mechanism of scientific research data management and sharing , so as to guarantee the smooth implementation of the policy .

Chapter 7 is one of the research achievements in the research of science data sharing and security mechanism in China ( 2012104010205 ) and the Ministry of Education ' s humanities and social science research project , " Guarantee Research on Integration and Sharing of Science Data in China " ( 2012104010205 ) and Ministry of Education ' s humanities and social science research project .

【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G322;G259.2
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本文编号：1834039