探析默顿科学规范困境的原因和出路

发布时间：2018-10-17 17:31

【摘要】：默顿科学规范是默顿科学社会学的核心,关于科学的奖励系统和评价系统的研究正是围绕着它而展开的。另一方面,科学规范是和科学越轨联系在一起的,对于它的研究将有助于理解这一问题的实质。随着科学与社会关系日益密切,默顿科学规范受到了学术界的批评和来自现实的挑战。同时,科学对社会和自然环境的负面影响也都启示着人们对科学与社会和科学与人做进一步的研究和讨论。本文总共分六个部分。第一章:简单介绍本文研究的目的和意义以及国内外对默顿科学规范研究的现状,并简单说明了本文的研究方法、研究思路和可能的创新点。第二章:交代默顿科学规范产生的背景,更好地理解默提出顿科学规范的意义。第三章:分析理解默顿科学规范的理论基础,分析默顿科学规范四个要素的内容含义,同时对默顿科学规范的困境作具体的说明。第四章:主要从科学与社会和科学与人两个方面探讨了默顿科学规范陷入困境的本质原因。第五章:根据困境原因的启示,提出应该把科学发展与社会发展和科学发展与人的发展辩证结合起来综合考虑。第六章:详细探讨了科学与社会的本质关系,指出科学制度依存于社会制度,科学宏观层面的发展需要良好的社会关系的保障。同时详细探讨了科学与人的本质关系,指出科学社会学的中心是人,科学发展应该以人为本。
[Abstract]:Merton's scientific norm is the core of Merton's sociology of science, and the research on the reward system and evaluation system of science is carried out around it. On the other hand, scientific norms are associated with scientific deviations, and its study will help to understand the essence of this problem. With the increasingly close relationship between science and society, Merton scientific norms have been criticized by academia and challenged from reality. At the same time, the negative impact of science on society and natural environment also enlightens people to do further research and discussion on science and society and science and man. There are six parts in this paper. The first chapter briefly introduces the purpose and significance of this study and the current situation of Merton scientific normative research at home and abroad, and briefly explains the research methods, research ideas and possible innovation points of this paper. Chapter two: explain the background of Merton's scientific norms, and better understand the meaning of Merton's scientific norms. The third chapter analyzes the theoretical basis of Merton's scientific norms, analyzes the four elements of Merton's scientific norms, and explains the plight of Merton's scientific norms. Chapter four discusses the essence of Merton's scientific norm from two aspects: science and society and science and man. Chapter five: according to the enlightenment of the reason of predicament, the author puts forward that the dialectical combination of scientific development and social development and scientific development and human development should be considered synthetically. Chapter six: the essential relationship between science and society is discussed in detail. It is pointed out that the scientific system depends on the social system, and the development of scientific macro level needs the protection of good social relations. At the same time, the relationship between science and man is discussed in detail, and it is pointed out that the center of sociology of science is human, and the development of science should be people-oriented.
【学位授予单位】：江西农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G301

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