中国工业环境管制的机会成本研究

发布时间：2018-01-02 12:45

本文关键词：中国工业环境管制的机会成本研究　出处：《华中师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着我国经济的高速发展,人们的物质生活水平日益提高。但是,伴随着经济高增长的是污染的日趋严重和环境的逐渐恶化。工业作为我国经济发展的主要动力,一方面带动了整个经济的增长,另一方面也消耗了大量的能源,同时带来了十分严重的污染。因此在这种情况下,必须通过政府的环境管制政策对工业部门的行为加以约束。而进行管制必然会增加工业部门的生产成本,短时期内使得工业部门的生产能力出现下滑。因此,传统的经济学观点认为环境管制将会降低厂商的市场竞争力,对实施管制措施持消极态度。与此相反,波特认为：加强环境管制虽然会在短期内降低厂商的生产能力,但是从长期来看,则会迫使厂商进行技术创新,加强管理,从而提高厂商的生产效率,最终增强厂商的市场竞争力。波特的上述观点被人们称之为“波特假说”——即环境质量的提高与厂商生产率和竞争力的提高可以实现双赢。本文将利用非参数线性规划方法对我国工业环境管制问题进行研究。主要的研究策略是通过比较各工业部门在有环境管制与没有环境管制两种不同条件下的表现,了解环境管制对我国工业部门的影响。本文选取我国37个工业行业作为研究对象,搜集了2001-2008年各工业行业相应的投入与产出数据,使用方向性距离函数方法计算出了各个行业每年的环境技术效率和技术非效率,然后根据技术非效率计算出了各个工业行业在面临环境管制时的机会成本。本文分别对各工业行业的环境技术效率和机会成本进行了分析,并结合波特假说和环境库茨涅茨曲线进行了论述。研究表明：(1)从静态的角度来看,各工业行业间环境工业协调性存在着较大的差异,且总体上呈现出不协调的趋势；(2)从动态的角度来看,我国工业总体上呈现环境技术效率逐年递减的趋势,且下降的趋势逐渐放缓；(3)在工业发展进程中,绝大多数工业行业的环境技术效率变化不大,只有少数行业发生了较大变化；(4)在环境管制和无环境管制两种条件下,我国工业的技术非效率都呈现递增的趋势；(5)各工业行业的环境管制机会成本差异性很大；(6)我国依然处于环境库茨涅茨曲线的上升阶段。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's economy, people's living standards are increasing. However, with the high economic growth is gradually deteriorating and the environment pollution is becoming more and more serious. The industry as the main driving force of China's economic development, on the one hand to drive the growth of the whole economy, on the other hand also consumes a lot of energy, at the same time it brings very serious pollution. So in this case, must be restricted to industry behavior through the environmental regulation policy of the government. The industrial sector increased production cost and control must, within a short period of time so that the industrial production capacity decline. Therefore, the view of traditional environmental economics will control reduce the manufacturer's market competitiveness, the negative attitude of the implementation of control measures. On the contrary, Potter said: to strengthen environmental regulation may reduce production in the short term But, in the long run, will force manufacturers to carry out technological innovation, strengthen management, so as to improve the productivity of manufacturers, and ultimately enhance the market competitiveness of manufacturers. The idea of Potter was known as the "Potter hypothesis" - that is, the improvement of environment quality and productivity and improve the competitiveness of manufacturers can achieve a win-win situation.
This paper will study the problem of control of the environmental industry in China by using non parametric linear programming method. The main research method is through the comparison of various industrial sectors in environmental regulation and environmental regulation no two different conditions, to understand the influence of environmental regulation on the industry of China. The paper selects 37 industries as the object of study, to collect the corresponding input and output data of the industrial industry in 2001-2008, using the directional distance function method to calculate the efficiency of environmental technology and technology industries annual non efficiency, according to the technical efficiency is calculated in the face of environmental control opportunities in various industrial sectors. The cost of technical efficiency and environment respectively. The opportunity of each industry's cost are analyzed and discussed with the Potter hypothesis and the Environmental Kuznets curve. The results show that: (1) from static State point of view, there are great differences between each industry environment of industrial coordination, and has an overall coordination trend; (2) from the dynamic point of view, China's industrial overall environmental technical efficiency decreasing trend, and the downward trend gradually slowed down; (3) in the process of industrial development, environmental technical efficiency changes little in most industries, changed only a few industries; (4) in environmental regulation and environmental regulation under the two conditions of China's industrial technology efficiency are showing increasing trend; (5) environmental regulation of each industry's opportunity cost difference great; (6) China is still in the environmental Kuznet curve up phase.

【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：X322;F406.72;F224

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