我国稀土资源优化配置研究

发布时间：2018-01-31 04:10

  本文关键词： 稀土 优化配置 评价指标体系 层次分析法　出处：《中国地质大学（北京）》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：稀土是我国的优势战略性矿产资源，被广泛应用于国民经济各个领域，尤其是在高科技产业和军事工业方面，具有不可替代的作用。我国稀土的储量、产量和出口量等长期居于世界首位，然而，强大的资源优势并未转化为经济优势，我国的稀土产业还存在诸多问题，稀土强国的地位也尚未确立。对我国的稀土资源进行优化配置，实现宝贵资源的高效利用和产业合理布局，促进稀土产业经济效益和社会效益的提高，是论文研究的重点内容。 论文的研究从我国的稀土资源概况和产业发展现状入手，深入分析了目前我国稀土资源的状况，稀土产业发展中的优势以及存在的问题。通过对这些基本资料的分析，对我国的稀土资源现状及产业发展有了清醒的认识。 为了科学合理的进行资源优化配置，论文借鉴矿产资源评价指标体系的构建思路和方法，建立了稀土资源优化配置评价指标体系。为了保证指标评价的合理性和科学性，运用层次分析法（AHP）对指标的权重进行了计算和分配，并对评价标准进行了设定。然后，利用稀土资源优化配置评价指标体系对我国轻稀土和重稀土的重要产区进行了指标评价。 不同稀土产区的优化配置指标评价结果，可以直接反映各区域稀土资源开发综合条件的优劣，为优化配置方案的设计提供直接的依据。在此基础上，对我国主要稀土产区提出了不同的发展思路。选取了综合评价得分较高的内蒙古、四川和山东等3个省（区）作为我国轻稀土资源的重点开发区域。针对轻稀土产能过剩的严峻形势，近期的目标是通过淘汰落后产能、清理矿业权配置、严格准入条件等措施控制和降低产能，，扭转供需失衡的局面。其后，依据经济发展形势和需求变化，逐步调整产能，并在立足本国资源的基础上，适时地实施“走出去”战略，利用国内国外两种资源，实现稀土行业的可持续发展。中重稀土资源储量少、需求缺口大，是更为稀缺的资源，应该更加审慎地进行开发。根据指标评价结果，将江西省、福建省和广东省列为重稀土重点开发区域，将广西壮族自治区、云南省和湖南省列为资源战略储备区。中重稀土资源配置的目标主要是保障国内需求，不鼓励初级产品的出口，发展策略是“重勘查、重保护、重储备”。
[Abstract]:Rare earth is the dominant strategic mineral resource of our country, which is widely used in various fields of national economy, especially in high-tech industry and military industry. The output and export volume have been the first in the world for a long time, however, the strong resource advantage has not been transformed into the economic advantage, and there are still many problems in the rare earth industry of our country. The status of rare earth power has not yet been established. To optimize the allocation of rare earth resources in China, to achieve the efficient use of precious resources and the rational distribution of industry, to promote the economic and social benefits of rare earth industry. It is the key content of the thesis. Based on the general situation of rare earth resources and industrial development in China, the paper deeply analyzes the status of rare earth resources in China. The advantages and problems in the development of rare earth industry. Through the analysis of these basic data, we have a clear understanding of the present situation of rare earth resources and industry development in China. In order to optimize the allocation of mineral resources scientifically and rationally, the paper draws lessons from the ideas and methods of constructing the evaluation index system of mineral resources. In order to ensure the rationality and scientific nature of the evaluation of rare earth resources, the weight of the index was calculated and distributed by using the Analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Then, the evaluation index system of the optimal allocation of rare earth resources is used to evaluate the important producing areas of light rare earths and heavy rare earths in China. The evaluation results of different rare-earth production areas can directly reflect the advantages and disadvantages of the comprehensive conditions for the development of rare earth resources in different regions, and provide a direct basis for the design of optimal allocation schemes. Different development ideas are put forward for the main rare earth producing areas in China. Inner Mongolia, which has a high comprehensive evaluation score, is selected. Three provinces (regions), such as Sichuan and Shandong, are the key development areas of light rare earth resources in China. In view of the severe situation of excess capacity of light rare earths, the immediate goal is to eliminate backward production capacity and clean up the allocation of mining rights. Strict access conditions and other measures to control and reduce production capacity, reverse the imbalance between supply and demand. Subsequently, according to the economic development situation and changes in demand, gradually adjust production capacity, and on the basis of domestic resources. The strategy of "going out" should be implemented in good time to realize the sustainable development of rare earth industry by utilizing two kinds of resources at home and abroad. The medium and heavy rare earth resources have less reserves and large demand gap, so they are more scarce resources. According to the results of index evaluation, Jiangxi Province, Fujian Province and Guangdong Province should be listed as the key development areas of heavy rare earths and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous region. Yunnan Province and Hunan Province are listed as strategic reserves of resources. The goal of the allocation of rare earth resources is mainly to protect domestic demand and not to encourage the export of primary products. The development strategy is "reexploration, protection and reserve".
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学（北京）
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F426.1

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