基于“哈佛分析框架”的A电力企业财务战略分析

发布时间：2018-02-04 16:09

本文关键词： 哈佛分析框架电力企业战略财务分析　出处：《河南大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：电力行业是一国的基础产业，因为其为国家经济的发展提供了重要的二次能源，也在人们的生活当中发挥着非常重要的作用，可以说电力的发展能促进一个国家经济的发展和社会的进步，因此成为世界经济发展战略的关注焦点。一个企业的发展需要财务分析为其提供帮助，财务分析引起了企业的高度关注，专家学者也在不断探索解决财务分析的方法，近年来财务分析框架的研究越来越多。哈佛分析法是对传统财务分析的升华，该框架从企业的经营战略出发，对企业的财务数据进行分析，结合会计分析，找出企业可能存在的虚报业绩，然后采用一定的方法提高会计信息质量，并且在此基础上进行财务分析，，得出较真实的分析结果，进而再对企业的前景进行预测。本文把A电力企业作为分析研究的对象，带入哈佛分析框架来系统的对A企业的经营情况和财务状况进行分析。本文首先介绍了A企业的概况，以对该企业的战略分析作为逻辑出发点，介绍了电力行业特征和现状以及A企业所采取的战略。通过对A企业外部环境包括同行业的竞争、电力的替代品以及供应商和购买商进行分析，发现A企业所面临的机遇和威胁。分析A企业的内部条件，发现其存在的竞争优势和劣势。在会计分析中，找出企业所占资产比重较大的几个重要的会计科目，并分析其会计政策和会计估计是否合理，得出A企业财务数据能够真实地反映企业的经营情况。在财务分析中，对A企业的资产负债表、利润表和现金流量表的近三年数据做了三年趋势分析，并对具体财务数据进行比率分析，分析发现A企业存在财务风险和经营盈利状况等问题。在前景分析中，对A企业今后发展做了战略预测和财务预测，通过预测看出A企业有个良好的发展方向，对管理层决策和投资者投资起到参考作用。通过框架分析发现A企业面临社会用电量增幅放缓；资金市场形势非常紧张；煤电价格矛盾未能根本缓解；节能减排压力明显增大；风电发展速度受限等问题，因此A企业在今后的发展中还会遇到诸多的挑战、财务风险和经营压力。应对这些问题需要A企业发挥战略分析效用，健全财务分析体系，来积极应对前景经营中的压力。
[Abstract]:Electric power industry is the basic industry of a country, because it provides important secondary energy for the development of national economy, and also plays a very important role in people's life. It can be said that the development of electricity can promote the economic development and social progress of a country, so it becomes the focus of the world economic development strategy. The development of an enterprise needs financial analysis to help it. Financial analysis has aroused great concern of enterprises, experts and scholars are also constantly exploring ways to solve financial analysis. In recent years, more and more research on financial analysis framework. Harvard analysis is a sublimation of traditional financial analysis. This framework starts from the enterprise's management strategy, analyzes the enterprise's financial data, combines the accounting analysis, finds out the enterprise may exist the false report achievement, then uses the certain method to improve the accounting information quality. On this basis, the financial analysis is carried out, and the real analysis results are obtained, and then the future of the enterprise is forecasted. In this paper, A power enterprise as the object of analysis, into the Harvard analysis framework to systematically analyze the operating situation and financial situation of the A enterprise. Firstly, this paper introduces the general situation of the A enterprise. Taking the strategic analysis of the enterprise as the logical starting point, this paper introduces the characteristics and present situation of the electric power industry and the strategy adopted by the A enterprise, including the competition of the same industry through the external environment of the A enterprise. Power substitutes, suppliers and buyers are analyzed to find out the opportunities and threats faced by Enterprise A. the internal conditions of Enterprise A are analyzed, and its competitive advantages and disadvantages are found in the accounting analysis. Identify several important accounting subjects in which the enterprise accounts for a large proportion of assets, and analyze whether its accounting policies and accounting estimates are reasonable. In the financial analysis, the data of the balance sheet, profit statement and cash flow statement of A enterprise are analyzed for three years. The ratio analysis of specific financial data shows that there are some problems such as financial risk and operating profit in enterprise A. in the analysis of prospects, strategic and financial forecasts are made for the future development of enterprise A. The prediction shows that A enterprise has a good development direction, which can be used as a reference for management decision making and investor investment. Through the framework analysis, we find that A enterprise faces a slowdown in the growth of social electricity consumption; The capital market is very tight; The price contradiction of coal and electricity has not been alleviated fundamentally; The pressure of energy saving and emission reduction is obviously increased; The speed of wind power development is limited, so enterprise A will encounter many challenges, financial risks and operating pressure in the future development. To deal with these problems, A enterprise needs to play a strategic analysis utility. Sound financial analysis system, to actively respond to the pressure in the foreground management.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F275;F426.61

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