20世纪50年代以来新疆少数民族手工业变迁研究

发布时间：2018-02-14 11:47

本文关键词： 新疆民族手工业少数民族　出处：《西北大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：新疆少数民族手工业具有浓厚的地方民族特色和传统生产特点。20世纪50年代以来,在中国共产党和新疆地方政府的正确领导下,经过各族人民的努力,新疆少数民族手工业得到了迅速的恢复和发展。 1949年以前,新疆少数民族手工业主要以家庭手工业形式进行生产,生产力水平低。20世纪50—70年代,民族手工业经过社会主义改造,实现了手工业的合作化,各民族地区建立了大量的民族特需用品生产企业。1978年后,经济体制的改革成为新疆民族手工业集体企业发展的主线。个体经营的少数民族手工业逐渐兴起,手工业发生了现代化的转变,生产组织开始向规模化方向发展,形成了许多民族特色手工业制造基地；部分民族手工业产品由民用生活用品向民族手工艺品和旅游纪念品转变。20世纪50年代以来,新疆民族手工业不仅满足了各族人民的生产、生活需要,而且成为少数民族群众增加收入,提高生活水平的一个重要途径。各民族地区建立了大量的民族特需用品生产企业,这些企业为促进少数民族经济文化,发挥了重要的推进作用。 20世纪50年代以来新疆少数民族手工业的发展呈现出一些特征。为满足各族人民在生活方面的不同需要,新疆少数民族形成了独具本民族特色的手工业行业和产品,使民族手工业产品具有显著的民族性和地方性。在生产方式上,新疆少数民族手工业生产表现为传统与现代相结合的特征。在消费模式上,民族手工业产品的主要消费模式为自产自销,消费对象以本地区、本民族居民为主。 20世纪50年代以来新疆少数民族手工业在取得成就的同时也存在手工业集体所有制企业不能完全适应市场经济,个体经营的少数民族手工业规模小,效益低,传统手工技艺濒临灭绝等问题。这些问题已成为影响新疆少数民族手工业进一步发展的主要障碍。反思20世纪50年代以来新疆少数民族手工业变迁的历史,可以认识到,新疆民族手工业的发展首先要依赖中国共产党的各项政策,只有在党和国家的各项正确方针政策指导下,民族手工业才能健康发展。改革是新疆民族手工业集体企业发展的根本出路,对于民族个体手工业要加快转变其生产方式。同时,将新疆民族手工艺文化作为一种产业优势和经济优势来发展,不仅能获得良好的经济效益,还能使新疆民族传统手工艺文化得到保护、发展。
[Abstract]:The handicraft industry of ethnic minorities in Xinjiang has strong local national characteristics and traditional production characteristics. Since 50s, under the correct leadership of the Communist Party of China and the local government of Xinjiang, through the efforts of the people of all ethnic groups, The handicraft industry of ethnic minorities in Xinjiang has been rapidly restored and developed. Before 1949, the handicraft industry of ethnic minorities in Xinjiang was mainly produced in the form of family handicraft. The productivity level was low. In the 50-70 's of the 20th century, the national handicraft industry underwent socialist transformation and realized the cooperative transformation of handicraft industry. Since 1978, the reform of the economic system has become the main line of the development of the ethnic handicraft collective enterprises in Xinjiang. With the modernization of handicraft industry, the production organization began to develop in the direction of scale, forming a lot of national characteristic handicraft manufacturing base. Since 50s of the 20th century, the Xinjiang ethnic handicraft industry has not only satisfied the production and living needs of the people of all ethnic groups, Moreover, it has become an important way for the minority people to increase their income and improve their living standards. In various ethnic areas, a large number of enterprises have been established to produce special supplies for ethnic minorities, which are aimed at promoting the economic and cultural development of ethnic minorities. Played an important role in promoting. Since 1950s, the development of handicraft industry of ethnic minorities in Xinjiang has shown some characteristics. In order to meet the different needs of the people of all ethnic groups in life, the ethnic minorities in Xinjiang have formed handicraft industries and products with their own national characteristics. In terms of production mode, the production of handicraft industry of ethnic minorities in Xinjiang is characterized by the combination of tradition and modernity. The main consumption pattern of national handicraft products is self-production and self-marketing. Since 1950s, the handicraft industry of ethnic minorities in Xinjiang has made achievements, and at the same time, there are also some enterprises under collective ownership of handicraft industry which can not fully adapt to the market economy. The artisanal industries operated by themselves are small in scale and low in efficiency. Traditional handicraft techniques are on the verge of extinction. These problems have become the main obstacles to the further development of the handicraft industry of ethnic minorities in Xinjiang. Reflecting on the history of the changes of handicraft industry in Xinjiang since 1950s, we can realize that, The development of Xinjiang's ethnic handicraft industry depends first on the policies of the Communist Party of China, and only under the guidance of the correct principles and policies of the Party and the state. Only the national handicraft industry can develop healthily. Reform is the fundamental way out for the development of the national handicraft collective enterprises in Xinjiang. At the same time, it is necessary to accelerate the transformation of the mode of production of the national handicraft industry. The development of Xinjiang national handicraft culture as an industrial and economic advantage can not only obtain good economic benefits, but also protect and develop Xinjiang national traditional handicraft culture.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F429;K27

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