试错与分化：中国制造业企业进入退出与效率变迁

发布时间：2018-02-21 07:06

本文关键词： 技术效率进入退出效率变迁随机前沿分析　出处：《复旦大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文从企业演化的角度探讨了中国制造业企业的技术效率演变规律。我们使用随机前沿方法对中国全部二位数工业子行业1998-2007的全要素生产率进行了估算和分解,并着重关注了企业技术效率(te)的分布和随时间变化的规律。我们发现中国制造业企业的平均技术效率呈现分化的趋势,其水平显著低于台湾等参照经济体,且在考察期内呈现恶化的趋势。在此基础上利用Dynamic OP分解方法对企业的进入退出对于整体技术效率的影响进行了评估。我们得出结论,在位企业的效率恶化是制造业整体效率降低的最主要因素。新进入企业也并非高效率企业的代表,它们给整体效率的改变带来有限的负面作用。效率改变的正面贡献主要来自于低效率企业的退出,在2006年以前这一直是技术效率改善的唯一方式。同时企业退出体现出一种触发式的模式,即大量低效率企业在中国加入世贸前后集中退出,后续退出的企业技术效率则逐渐向在位企业靠拢。另一方面我们探讨了进入企业对于在位企业TFP改善的影响。基于Aghion的竞争模型,我们利用中国的制造业企业微观数据验证了先进进入企业对于在位企业改善其TFP的激励的存在。我们发现如果高水平的进入企业所占有的产出份额提升10%,则对应在位企业TFP约0.5%的改善。对于全体进入企业和次高效率企业份额的回归则无法得到显著的回归系数,说明这一激励作用仅来自于高效率企业。这说明大量企业进入本身并不一定会带来行业生产率的提升,还应辅以筛选和促进高效率企业进入的相关措施。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the evolution law of technological efficiency of Chinese manufacturing enterprises is discussed from the point of view of enterprise evolution. We estimate and decompose the total factor productivity (TFP) of all double-digit industrial subindustries in China from 1998 to 2007 by using the stochastic frontier method. We also focus on the distribution of technological efficiency of enterprises and the law of change over time. We find that the average technological efficiency of Chinese manufacturing enterprises shows a trend of differentiation, and its level is significantly lower than that of reference economies such as Taiwan. On the basis of the Dynamic op decomposition method, the impact of entry and exit on the overall technical efficiency is evaluated. The deterioration of the efficiency of the incumbent enterprises is the most important factor in the decline of the overall efficiency of the manufacturing industry, and the newly entered enterprises are not the representatives of the highly efficient enterprises. They have a limited negative effect on the overall efficiency change. The positive contribution of the efficiency change comes mainly from the withdrawal of the inefficient enterprise. Until 2006, this had been the only way to improve technological efficiency. At the same time, the withdrawal of enterprises embodied a trigger model, in which a large number of inefficient enterprises withdrew centrally before and after China's accession to the WTO. On the other hand, we discuss the influence of entry on the improvement of TFP of incumbent enterprises. Based on the competition model of Aghion, We use micro data of manufacturing enterprises in China to verify the existence of incentives for entry firms to improve their TFP. We find that if the output share of high level entry enterprises is increased by 10%, the corresponding. The improvement of the TFP of the incumbent enterprises is about 0.5%. For the return of the shares of all the entering enterprises and the sub-efficient enterprises, there is no significant regression coefficient. It shows that this incentive only comes from efficient enterprises, which indicates that a large number of enterprises entering itself will not necessarily bring about the increase of industry productivity, but also should be supplemented by the relevant measures to screen and promote the entry of efficient enterprises.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F224;F424

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