产品内分工下中国制造业贸易利益评估

发布时间：2018-02-22 19:08

本文关键词： 产品内分工制造业贸易附加值贸易利益　出处：《湖南大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着经济的全球化发展,国际分工层次逐渐深入,产品价值链呈现出全球化和国际性特征,国际分工已经从原来的产业间分工进化到产品生产过程中的工序和区段,形成产品内分工模式,这种分工模式打破了原有的贸易格局,引起了贸易利益的重新分配。我国自改革开放以来,对外贸易取得了飞速发展,而且我国正在以加工贸易作为参与产品内分工的重要途径融入全球生产网络体系。在这一背景下,我国制造业是否获得了与贸易额相称的贸易利益?通过对制造业真实贸易利益进行评估,有助于我们正确认识这一问题。本文首先沿着国际分工模式演变的脉络,对国内外的贸易利益的相关研究进行了梳理,重点综述了产品内分工下贸易利益的相关文献。由于传统贸易理论已经不能很好解释产品内分工下的贸易利益,所以文章在传统贸易理论的基础上进行扩展,阐释了产品内分工贸易利益的来源、贸易利益的变动因素,并从四种不同的市场结构对利益分配机制进行了分析,指出选用附加值指标对贸易利益进行评估。测算了我国制造业的参与产品内分工的程度,得出我国制造业的垂直专业化指数基本呈现上升趋势,尤其是电气和机械光学设备制造业参与分工的程度越来越深。在国际投入产出表基础上建立贸易附加值的核算模型,利用WIOD数据库对我国制造业的静态贸易利益进行测算,同时对动态贸易利益进行实证分析,结果显示:从制造业静态贸易利益看,我国制造业获得的实际贸易利益并不如表面上那么多。按技术类别来讲,中高和高技术制造业行业虽然贸易利益的绝对值较高,但其真实的贸易利得的相对值较低;按细分行业来讲,电气和机械光学设备制造业虽然贸易附加值最大,但附加值的相对值不高,而食品、饮料制造及烟草业虽然贸易附加值并不突出,但贸易附加值率位列前茅,这说明我国制造业更多承担的是劳动密集型的加工组装环节,掌握的核心技术不多。从动态贸易利益来看,在产品内分工体系下,我国制造业出口能够促进制造业的行业劳动生产率、就业率、技术进步,其中,贸易对制造业就业产生的动态效应最大,对劳动生产率的动态效应居中,对制造业技术进步的动态效应最小。最后,根据理论分析和实证研究结果,对我国的制造业贸易提出了发挥比较优势、引导产业集聚、优化市场结构、加大科研投入、促进转型升级等一系列政策建议。
[Abstract]:With the development of economic globalization, the international division of labor goes deeper and deeper. The product value chain presents the characteristics of globalization and internationality. The international division of labor has evolved from the original division of labor between industries to the processes and sections in the process of product production. The intra-product division of labor has broken the original trade pattern and caused the redistribution of trade benefits. Since the reform and opening up, China's foreign trade has made rapid development. Moreover, China is taking processing trade as an important way to participate in the intra-product division of labor into the global production network system. Under this background, does China's manufacturing industry obtain trade benefits commensurate with the volume of trade? By evaluating the real trade interests of manufacturing industry, it is helpful for us to understand this problem correctly. Firstly, according to the evolution of the international division of labor model, this paper sorts out the relevant research on trade interests at home and abroad. This paper mainly summarizes the relevant documents on trade interests under intra-product division of labor. Since the traditional trade theory can no longer explain the trade benefits under intra-product division of labor, the article expands on the basis of traditional trade theory. This paper explains the origin of intra-product division of trade benefits, the factors of change of trade benefits, and analyzes the mechanism of benefit distribution from four different market structures. It is pointed out that the value added index is selected to evaluate the trade benefits, and the degree of participation in intra-product division of labor in China's manufacturing industry is calculated, and the vertical specialization index of Chinese manufacturing industry is found to be on the rise. In particular, the electrical and mechanical optical equipment manufacturing industry is participating in the division of labor more and more deeply. Based on the international input-output table, the accounting model of trade added value is established, and the static trade benefits of China's manufacturing industry are measured by using WIOD database. At the same time, the empirical analysis of dynamic trade benefits shows that the actual trade benefits of China's manufacturing industry are not as much as on the surface from the point of view of the static trade interests of the manufacturing industry. Although the absolute value of trade benefits is higher in the medium-high and high-tech manufacturing industries, the relative value of their true trade gains is relatively low; the electrical and mechanical optical equipment manufacturing industries, although the largest value added in trade, by subdivision, But the relative value of added value is not high. Although the value added of food, beverage and tobacco is not outstanding, the rate of added value of trade is among the highest. This shows that the manufacturing industry in our country undertakes more labor-intensive processing and assembly links. From the point of view of dynamic trade interests, under the intra-product division of labor system, China's manufacturing exports can promote the manufacturing industry labor productivity, employment rate, technological progress, among which, The dynamic effect of trade on manufacturing employment is the largest, the dynamic effect on labor productivity is in the middle, and the dynamic effect on the technological progress of manufacturing industry is the least. Finally, according to the theoretical analysis and empirical research results, This paper puts forward a series of policy suggestions for China's manufacturing trade, such as giving full play to its comparative advantages, guiding industrial agglomeration, optimizing market structure, increasing scientific research investment and promoting transformation and upgrading.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F424;F752.6

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